Table of Contents
Introduction x
Chapter 1 Dictatorship 1
Tyrants and Dictators in Ancient Times 1
The Dictatorship of Julius Caesar 5
Dictatorship Through the Early 19th Century 7
The Reign of Terror 7
The Rise of Napoleon 13
Decline of the Hereditary Monarchy 17
Dictators in the 19th and 20th Centuries 17
Latin America 18
Juan Perón 20
Africa and Asia 23
Western Europe and the Soviet Union 24
Chapter 2 Common Characteristics of Fascist Movements 27
Benito Mussolini 29
Opposition to Marxism 32
Engelbert Dollfuss 33
Opposition to Political and Cultural Liberalism 37
Totalitarian Ambitions 38
Conservative Economic Programs 39
Corporatism 41
Alleged Equality of Social Status 42
Imperialism 42
Military Values 43
Volksgemeinschaft 43
Mass Mobilization 44
The Leadership Principle 46
Führer 47
The "New Man" 47
Glorification of Youth 48
Education as Character Building 50
Decadence and Spirituality 51
Violence 51
Blackshirt 52
Extreme Nationalism 53
Scapegoating 54
Nationalism 55
Populism 58
Revolutionary Image 59
Antiurbanism 60
Sexism and Misogyny 60
Chapter 3 Origins of Fascism 62
Falange 64
Varieties of Fascism 68
Acceptance of Racism 68
Ku Klux Klan 70
Identification with Christianity 72
Support for Germany 74
Intellectual Origins 76
Joseph de Maistre 77
Social Bases of Fascist Movements 80
Fascism and Nonfascist Conservatisms: Collaboration and Crossover 82
Chapter 4 Neofascism Around the World 85
Italy 87
Germany 89
Austria 91
Jörg Haider 91
France 95
Jean-Marie Le Pen 96
Russia 100
Serbia 105
Slobodan Milosevic 107
Croatia 112
Neofascism Outside Europe 114
Ba'th Party 116
Chapter 5 Totalitarianism 118
Mauryan Empire 119
Maintaining Control 121
Goals of the Government 123
Marxism 124
Totalitarianism in Practice 125
National Socialism 126
SS Guard 132
Leninism 136
Stalinism 138
Joseph Stalin 139
Gulag 142
Fundamentalism 147
Conclusion 153
Glossary 156
Bibliography 159
Index 167
