Table of Contents
List of Figures ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Part I Political History 1
1 Introduction 3
2 Ethanol as a Transportation Fuel: How Federal Corn-Ethanol Policy Evolved 5
A Carter Administration, 1977 to 1981
B Reagan Administration, 1981 to 1989
C Bush I Administration, 1989 to 1993
D Clinton Administration, 1993 to 2001
E Bush II Administration, 2001 to 2009
Part II Evaluating Advocates' Policy Claims 71
3 Is U.S. Energy Security Strengthened? 73
4 Does the Environment Benefit? 89
5 Other Claims: Are Budget Costs Reduced? Is the Trade Balance Improved? Is Rural Employment Increased? 125
6 Who Pays for the Policy, and Who Benefits from It? 131
7 Conclusions 157
Part III Supporting Documents 161
A International Energy Agency, IEA Response System for Oil Supply Emergencies 163
B History of World Oil Market Petroleum-supply Interruptions 165
C State-by-State Ethanol Subsidies 171
Endnotes 197
About the Author 209
About the Hoover Institution's Shultz-Stephenson Task Force on Energy Policy 211
Index 213