Constitutionalising Secession
Constitutionalising Secession proceeds from the question, 'What, if anything, does the law have to say about a secession crisis?' But rather than approaching secession through the optic of political or nationalist institutional accommodation, this book focuses on the underpinnings to a constitutional order as a law-making community, underpinnings laid bare by secession pressures. Relying on the corrosive effects of secession, it explores the deep structure of a constitutional order and the motive forces creating and sustaining that order. A core idea is that the normativity of law is best understood, through a constitutional optic, as an integrative, associative force. Constitutionalising Secession critically analyses conceptions of constitutional order implicit in the leading models of secession, and takes as a leading case-study the judicial and legislative response to secession in Canada. The book therefore develops a concept of constitutionalism and law-making - 'associative constitutionalism' - to describe their deep structure as a continuing, integrative process of association. This model of a dynamic process of value formation can address both the association and the disassociation of constitutional systems.
1116880401
Constitutionalising Secession
Constitutionalising Secession proceeds from the question, 'What, if anything, does the law have to say about a secession crisis?' But rather than approaching secession through the optic of political or nationalist institutional accommodation, this book focuses on the underpinnings to a constitutional order as a law-making community, underpinnings laid bare by secession pressures. Relying on the corrosive effects of secession, it explores the deep structure of a constitutional order and the motive forces creating and sustaining that order. A core idea is that the normativity of law is best understood, through a constitutional optic, as an integrative, associative force. Constitutionalising Secession critically analyses conceptions of constitutional order implicit in the leading models of secession, and takes as a leading case-study the judicial and legislative response to secession in Canada. The book therefore develops a concept of constitutionalism and law-making - 'associative constitutionalism' - to describe their deep structure as a continuing, integrative process of association. This model of a dynamic process of value formation can address both the association and the disassociation of constitutional systems.
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Constitutionalising Secession

Constitutionalising Secession

by David Haljan
Constitutionalising Secession

Constitutionalising Secession

by David Haljan

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Overview

Constitutionalising Secession proceeds from the question, 'What, if anything, does the law have to say about a secession crisis?' But rather than approaching secession through the optic of political or nationalist institutional accommodation, this book focuses on the underpinnings to a constitutional order as a law-making community, underpinnings laid bare by secession pressures. Relying on the corrosive effects of secession, it explores the deep structure of a constitutional order and the motive forces creating and sustaining that order. A core idea is that the normativity of law is best understood, through a constitutional optic, as an integrative, associative force. Constitutionalising Secession critically analyses conceptions of constitutional order implicit in the leading models of secession, and takes as a leading case-study the judicial and legislative response to secession in Canada. The book therefore develops a concept of constitutionalism and law-making - 'associative constitutionalism' - to describe their deep structure as a continuing, integrative process of association. This model of a dynamic process of value formation can address both the association and the disassociation of constitutional systems.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781849464376
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date: 02/25/2014
Series: Hart Studies in Comparative Public Law , #4
Pages: 448
Product dimensions: 6.14(w) x 9.21(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

David Haljan is an Affiliated Senior Researcher in the Institute for Constitutional Law of the Faculty of Law at the University of Leuven,and Co-Editor of the Constitutional Law Series, International Encyclopaedia of Laws.

Table of Contents

Preface v

Table of Cases xi

Table of Statutes xvii

1 Constitutionalising Secession? 1

Constitutional Order and Disorder 5

Disorder: A Secession Crisis 9

A Right Ordering of Secession 14

Ordering the Right to Secede 17

Terms of Reference 18

A Note on Nationalism 21

Reference Terms 22

Outline of the Book 24

Canada? 28

In a Broader Context 28

2 Associative Constitutionalism 32

The Realist's Challenge 32

Form and Function: Structural Concepts 33

National Constitutional Law Generally 36

Constitution and Association 36

Form's Legacy: Reification 37

Reification and Constitutional Stress 46

Civil Society 48

Associative Constitutionalism 50

Associations, Morality and Values 52

Government and Constitution 54

Government: Control and Authority 56

Authority: Legality and Legitimacy 59

Rules and Associations 63

The Hart of a Constitution 63

Nature of Rules 65

Articulating the Constitution 69

Associations, Institutions and Law 71

A Theory of Institutions 72

Transformation: Institutional Premise, Constitutional Promise 78

A Constitutional View on Secession 81

3 Primary Right Theory 84

Consent as Primary 86

Consent, Obligation and Secession 88

Insufficiency of Tacit Consent 89

Insufficiency of the Fairness Principle 95

What is Really Consented To? 101

Consent and Group Rights 102

From Primary Right to an Instrumentality Needing Just Cause 107

Consent as Insufficient Grounds 110

An Instrumental Concept Based on Just Cause 119

Law and Politics of Consent Theory 122

4 Remedial Right or Just-Cause Theory 124

Oppression as Justification for Secession 127

Concept of Oppression 127

Fundamental Difference from the Primary Right Model 131

From Right to Remedy 132

A Right Understanding of Secession 137

Continuity Condition 144

Mutuality Condition 145

Parsing Remedies 146

Institutions and Rights to a Remedy 152

The Remedy of Secession 155

Responsibility for Constitutional Collapse 157

Implications of Transformative Failure: Remedial Secession 161

What Gives Rise to Remedial Secession? 164

5 Remedial Secession and Disassociation 165

Discriminatory Redistribution 165

Discrimination as the Violation of Equality 171

Equality, Commensurability and Associative Relationships 174

Cultural Preservation and Self-defence 179

A Nationalist Application of the Oppression Grounds? 186

Rectificatory Justice 188

Law and Politics of Just-Cause Theory 191

6 Nationalist Theory of Secession 194

The Core of Nationalist Secession: National Self-determination 194

Nationalism's Gloss on Remedial Rights: A Primary Right to Cultural Identity 198

Nationalism's Affinity for Primary Rights: the Nation as Rights-Holder 200

Summary: Different Strokes for Different Volks 201

The Nation as the Summum Bonum 204

A Concept of a Nation 205

Culture of a Nation 209

Subjective Standard: Imagining a Nation 215

Nationalism and Politics 220

Considerations on Subjectivity in Nationalism 221

Next Steps: Who's the Boss? 223

7 Nationalism and Association 226

Nation and Identity 227

Protection of Identity 227

Priority of National Identity: Enforcing the Boundaries 229

Identity and Transformation 236

Sources of the 'National' Self 239

Law and Politics of Nationalism Theory 216

8 Constitutional Text and Context 248

Of Text 251

Hard Realities of Drafting 253

A Questionable Achievement? 254

Of Context 262

Structure of Context 264

Context of Structure 265

Context of Amending Powers 269

Context of Constitutional Rights and Freedoms 275

Secession and Federal Constitutions 278

Structure and Politics 281

Federalism and Voice 287

Conclusion 295

9 Negotiating Secession: Of Voice and Veto 298

Background 300

Bertrand v Québec 302

Bertrand v Québec (No 1) 302

Bertrand v Québec (No 2) 304

Québec v Constitution of Canada 306

Setting the Reference 308

References and Constitutional Interpretation 309

The Supreme Court's Opinion 311

Preliminary Objection 312

Justiciability and Constitutionality 312

Question 1: the Constitution and Unilateral Secession 314

Unwritten, Basic Constitutional Principles 315

Federalism and Provincial Autonomy 319

Deliberative Democracy and Qualified Majorities 321

Bound by the Law: the Rule of Law and Constitutionalism 324

Protecting Minorities 325

Unconstitutionality of Unilateral Secession 325

Primary Right Modelling of Constitutional Secession 327

Questions 2 and 3: International Law, Secession and Constitutions 329

Question 2: International Law and Secession 330

Question 3: Domestic Law v International Law 332

Justiciability and Justifiability 332

Remedial Right Modelling 335

Summary 336

Of Voice and Veto: Popular Sovereignty and the Rule of Law 339

Democratic Will and Constitutional Amendment 339

Secession and Constitutional Veto 341

Of Voice and Veto: Law, Politics and Secession 344

Conclusion 346

10 Legislating Rules for Secession? 348

Origins of the Clarity Act 348

What the Clarity Act Says 352

A Liminal Issue: Characterising the Powers under the Act 354

Being Clear on the Constitutional Questions 358

No Interference with Quebec's Referendum Jurisdiction 359

No Clear Violations of the Charter of Rights 361

No Vagueness to the Act's Provisions 362

No Interference with Parliamentary Sovereignty 364

The Absence of 'Clarity' 366

No Definition of 'Clarity' 366

Strategic Bargaining 372

Restricted to Province-oriented Secession Attempts 374

No Reference to Majorities Outside of a Secessionist Province 376

A Clearly Positivist Approach to Constitutional Secession 377

Process and Structure 377

Pitfalls of the Positivist Approach 379

11 Conclusions 381

Disassociating the State 383

Disassociation and Theories of Secession 385

Law, Politics and Beyond 385

Bibliography 391

Index 425

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