Conservation by Proxy: Indicator, Umbrella, Keystone, Flagship, and Other Surrogate Species
400Conservation by Proxy: Indicator, Umbrella, Keystone, Flagship, and Other Surrogate Species
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Overview
Synthesizing an immense body of literature, conservation biologist and field researcher Tim Caro offers systematic definitions of surrogate species concepts, explores biological theories that underlie them, considers how surrogate species are chosen, critically examines evidence for and against their utility, and makes recommendations for their continued use. The book
clarifies terminology and contrasts how different terms are used in the real world
considers the ecological, taxonomic, and political underpinnings of these shortcuts
identifies criteria that make for good surrogate species
outlines the circumstances where the application of the surrogate species concept shows promise
Conservation by Proxy is a benchmark reference that provides clear definitions and common understanding of the evidence and theory behind surrogate species. It is the first book to review and bring together literature on more than fifteen types of surrogate species, enabling us to assess their role in conservation and offering guidelines on how they can be used most effectively.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9781597261937 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Island Press |
Publication date: | 06/23/2010 |
Edition description: | 1 |
Pages: | 400 |
Product dimensions: | 6.00(w) x 8.90(h) x 0.90(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface xv
Introduction
Chapter 1 Buzzwords in Conservation Biology 1
Shortcuts 1
Biodiversity 3
Usage 3
Documentation 8
Remarkable species 8
Scale 9
Surrogate species in systematic conservation 13
Taxonomy of surrogate species 15
Other terms 16
Difficulties in surrogate typology 17
Loose definitions 17
Lax terminology 22
Multiple applications and purpose 23
Using the same species for two surrogate tasks 26
Hidden agendas and research displacement activities 26
Summary 27
Distribution of Biodiversity
Chapter 2 Species Indicators of Biodiversity at a Large Scale 31
A big picture 31
Congruency of species richness 32
Environmental surrogates 36
Higher taxa 37
Congruency of endemism 39
Congruency of rarity 42
Congruency of threatened species 43
Complementarity and congruency 45
Concordance between different measures of biodiversity 50
Global scale 50
Continental scale 51
Complementarity 53
Biodiversity distribution and protected areas 53
Practical application 57
Summary 58
Reserve Site Selection
Chapter 3 Species Indicators of Biodiversity in Reserve Selection 61
A smaller scale 61
Cross-taxon congruence of species richness 62
Within-taxon congruence of species richness 66
Taxon subsets 68
Higher taxa 68
Morphospecies 71
Congruency of endemism, congruency of rarity, and congruency of threatened species 72
Concordance between measures of biodiversity 74
Species richness and endemism 74
Species richness and rarity 76
Species richness and threatened species 78
Biodiversity metrics 78
Congruency of complementarity 79
Species richness 79
Other biodiversity measures 82
Persistence 83
Higher taxa 84
Protected area coverage 86
Marine reserve prioritization 89
Environmental surrogates 90
Combining environmental and taxonomic surrogates 94
Practical issues 95
Summary 96
Reserve Design and Management
Chapter 4 Umbrella Species and Landscape Species 99
Three conservation goals 99
Lambeck's insight 102
Umbrella species by taxon 103
Plants 103
Invertebrates 105
Mammals 106
Birds 108
Choosing an appropriate umbrella species 113
Problems with umbrella species 117
Management implications 119
Landscape species 120
Summary 125
Chapter 5 Keystone, Engineering, and Foundation Species 127
The keystone species concept 127
Classic keystone species 127
Wider scope 129
Mesopredator release in temperate ecosystems 132
Ecological meltdown in the neotropics 134
Keystone introductions 136
Removing invasive species 138
Problems with using keystone species as a conservation tool 139
Reasons for continuing to use keystone species 142
Ecosystem engineers 143
Mechanisms of habitat modification 144
Examples of ecosystem engineers 146
Difficulties in using ecosystem engineers in conservation 151
Advantages of ecosystem engineers 153
Foundation species 153
Management issues 154
Summary 156
Species Indicators of Anthropogenic Change
Chapter 6 Environmental Indicator Species 159
Ecosystem health and biological integrity 159
Environmental indicators 162
Sentinel species 167
Examples of the uses of environmental indicator species 169
Marine pollution 169
Freshwater pollution 171
River modification 174
Marine fisheries 177
Climate change in marine ecosystems 181
Proliferation and obfuscation of terms 184
Summary 185
Chapter 7 Ecological-Disturbance Indicator Species 189
Effects of disturbance 189
Proposed criteria for indicator species 190
Single species and species-groups as indicators of disturbance 194
Single species 194
Species-groups 196
Examples of the use of species-groups in documenting effects of land-use change 197
Forest fragmentation: BDFFP 197
Countryside biogeography 203
Tropical plantations 206
Exurban USA 209
Changes in populations over time 210
Determining the number of species-groups 211
Management pointers 213
Summary 214
Chapter 8 Cross-Taxon-Response Indicator Species 217
Habitat alteration 217
Fora for cross-taxon-response indicator species 219
Land-use changes 219
Agricultural landscapes 224
Management areas 227
Intraguild-response indicator species 228
Population changes 229
Management indicator species 230
Difficulties with the MIS concept 233
Early warnings 234
Substitute species 238
Problems with cross-taxon-response indicator species 239
Summary 242
Promoting Conservation
Chapter 9 Flagship Species 245
Characteristics of flagship species 245
Multiple objectives 246
Are flagship species successful? 249
Public awareness 249
Raising funds 251
Reserve establishment 251
Qualities of flagship species 257
Iconic species 258
What next? 259
Summary 260
Summary of Concepts and Cost-Effectiveness
Chapter 10 Surrogate Species in the Real World 263
Surrogate categories 263
Synopsis 264
Multi-surrogacy 268
Predictive power of surrogate species 270
Distribution of biodiversity 271
Reserve site selection 274
Reserve design and management 277
Species indicators of anthropogenic change 278
Promoting conservation 281
Wrap-up 283
Summary 284
References 287
Scientific Names of Species Mentioned in the Text 355
Subject Index 365