Table of Contents
Preface and acknowledgements xi
List of acronyms and abbreviations xviii
Part I The concept of evil 1
1 Inexecusable wrongs 3
1 The Atrocity Paradigm 5
2 Demythologizing evil: Arendt, Milgram, and Zimbardo 10
3 Overview of revisions 16
4 Moral excuses 18
5 Ordinary evils 24
6 Institutional evil: the case of the death penalty 27
2 Between good and evil 36
1 Kant's theses on radical evil 37
2 Kant's moral excluded middle 40
3 Evil vs. lesser wrongs 46
4 Two ways to lack unity in the will 50
5 Grazy zones 56
6 Diabolical evil revisited 57
3 Complicity in structural evils 62
1 Collectively perpetrated evils 62
2 Institutions and social structure 68
3 Oppression 71
4 Structural groups 76
5 Complicity in evil practices 82
4 To whom (or to what) can evils be done? 88
1 Contexts and problematic cases 88
2 Harm and well-being 95
3 What makes harm intolerable? 100
4 Degradation and the capacity approach to harm 103
5 Trees as victims 106
6 The "lives" of ecosystems, species, and Gia 110
7 Harm to human groups 114
8 Concluding questions 117
Terrorism, torture, genocide 121
5 Counterterrorism 123
1 Hobbesian and Kantian approaches 125
2 International rules of war vs. subjective improvisations of terrorism 136
3 The military model of counterrorism 138
4 An analogy with private counterrorisms 141
5 Justice for the input 145
6 Low-profile terrorism 149
1 Two models of terrorism 151
2 War on terrorism and the group target model 157
3 Rape terrorism 159
4 Beyond the two models 162
5 How terrorism works 166
7 Conscientious torture? 173
1 The revived torture debates 176
2 The misnamed "one-off" case 183
3 Dershowitz, the ticking bomb, and torture warrants 186
4 The failures of excuses for conscientious torture 193
8 Ordinary torture 205
1 The experience of Jean Améry 208
2 The UN definition 210
3 Applying the UN definition to the "clean" techniques 213
4 Five kinds of ordinary, mostly civilian, torture 224
5 What Bentham's definition misses 234
9 Genocide is social death 237
1 Prologue 237
2 The concept of genocide and philosophical reflection on genocide 241
3 The murder of groups 246
4 The UN definition of "genocide" 255
5 The specific evil of genocide 261
10 Genocide by forced impregnation 267
1 A paradox 267
2 The Brana plan for ethnic cleansing 268
3 How can expulsion and mass rape aimed at expulsion be genocidal? 272
4 "In whole or in part" 276
5 Hate crimes and assimilations 280
6 The "logical glitch" 283
7 Sperm as a biological weapon 287
Bibliography 294
List of films referred to 312
List of websites for international documents 314
Index 316
