Computational Methods in Reactor Shielding

by James Wood

Overview

Computational Methods in Reactor Shielding deals with the mathematical processes involved in how to effectively control the dangerous effect of nuclear radiation. Reactor shielding is considered an important aspect in the operation of reactor systems to ensure the safety of personnel and others that can be directly or indirectly affected. Composed of seven chapters, the book discusses ionizing radiation and how it aids in the control and containment of radioactive substances that are considered harmful to all living things. The text also outlines the necessary radiation quantities and units that are needed for a systemic control of shielding and presents an examination of the main sources of nuclear radiation. A discussion of the gamma photon cross sections and an introduction to BMIX, a computer program used in illustrating a technique in identifying the gamma ray build-up factor for a reactor shield, are added. The selection also discusses various mathematical representations and areas of shielding theory that are being used in radiation shielding. The book is of great value to those involved in the development and implementation of systems to minimize and control the dangerous and lethal effect of radiation.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781483148137
Publisher:	Pergamon
Publication date:	10/22/2013
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	450
File size:	40 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Shielding Problem 1.2 Scope of the Book 1.3 Background Knowledge 1.4 The Computer Programs 1.5 ReferencesChapter 2 Radiation Quantities and Units 2.1 Some Preliminary Considerations Relating to Radiological Protection 2.2 Recommended Radiation Levels 2.3 General Environmental Radiation Levels 2.4 Radiation Quantities and Units 2.5 Conversion of Radiation Intensity to Dose Equivalent Rate 2.6 A more Mathematical Treatment of the Basic Transport Quantities 2.7 The Albedo Concept 2.8 ReferencesChapter 3 Radiation Sources 3.1 Nuclear Reactors Primary Radiation Secondary Radiation 3.2 Radioactive Sources 3.3 Particle Accelerators 3.4 Reactor Coolant Activation 3.5 Miscellaneous Topics 3.6 ReferencesChapter 4 The Attenuation of Gamma Rays 4.1 Narrow Beam Attenuation Photon Atomic Cross Sections 4.2 Broad Beam Attenuation Buildup Factor: The Basic Idea Empirical Formula for B(µr) 4.3 The Computer Program BMIX 4.4 Exercises for Program BMIX 4.5 ReferencesChapter 5 Applications of the Point Kernel Technique 5.1 The Mathematical Representation of Detector Response 5.2 Geometrical Transformations 5.3 Examples in the Use of the Point Kernel Technique 5.4 CASK: A Simple Shielding Program for Spherical Sources of Nuclear Radiation 5.5 Modification of Program CASK to Include a Line Source 5.6 Exercises for Program CASK 5.7 Exercises for Modified Form of CASK 5.8 ReferencesChapter 6 Neutron Attenuation 6.1 The Basic Strategy 6.2 Neutron Removal Cross Section 6.3 Theoretical Treatment of Fast Neutron Attenuation Empirical Neutron Point Kernels 6.4 Removal Diffusion Theory Spinney Removal Method Multigroup Diffusion Equations 6.5 The Computer Program CADRE 6.6 Exercises for Program CADRE 6.7 Shield Optimization 6.8 ReferencesChapter 7 Transport Theory Methods The Derivation of the Boltzmann Transport Equation 7.1 The Monte Carlo Method Techniques for Random Sampling The Estimation of Monte Carlo Error Variance Reduction Techniques Generating Random Numbers The Computer Program TESR Buffon's Needle Experiment The Computer Program KLEIN Monte Carlo Computer Program Monteray Mark I Extended Version of Program Monteray The Application of the Monte Carlo Method to Neutron Problems The Computer Program ELSCAT 7.2 The Moments Method The Boltzmann Equation for the Energy Flux The P1 Equations The Kernel for Compton Scattering The Dimensionless Form of the Equations The Moments of the Flux Construction of Flux Distributions from the Moments The Computer Program DBUF 7.3 ReferencesAppendixes Appendix A The Dirac Delta-Function Appendix B Coordinate Systems, the Gradient Operator V, and the Laplacian Operator V2 Appendix C Selected Nuclear Data Appendix D SI Units in Radiation and RadioactivityIndex