Table of Contents
Unit 1 Foundations of Community/Public Health Nursing 1
Chapter 1 The Journey Begins: Introduction Cherie Rector 1
Community Health 3
The Concept of Community 5
The Concept of Health 8
Components of Community/Public Health Practice 14
Characteristics of Community/Public Health Nursing 17
Chapter 2 Public Health Nursing in the Community Dana Todd 24
Core Public Health Functions 24
Standards of Practice 26
Roles of C/PHNs 27
Settings for Community and Public Health Nursing Practice 33
Chapter 3 History and Evolution of Public Health Nursing Patricia (Trish) Hanes 40
Historical Development of Community/Public Health Nursing 41
Chapter 4 Evidence-Based Practice and Ethics Cherie Rector Anne Watson Bongiorno 65
Research That Makes a Difference: The Family-Nurse Partnership (FNP) 66
Research and Evidence-Based Practice 68
Impact of Research on Community/Public Health and Nursing Practice 75
Values and Ethics in Community/Public Health Nursing 77
Values 79
Ethics 80
Chapter 5 Transcultural Nursing Sheila Adams-Leander 95
The Concept of Culture 96
Characteristics of Culture 102
Ethnocultural Health Care Practices 106
Role and Preparation of the Community/Public Health Nurse 110
Transcultural Community/Public Health Nursing Principles 111
Unit 2 Community/Public Health Essentials 121
Chapter 6 Structure and Economics of Community/Public Health Services Cherie Rector 121
Historical Influences on Health Care 122
Health Care Organizations in the United States 123
International Health Organizations 134
Development of Today's Health Care System 134
The Economics of Health Care 137
Sources of Health Care Financing: Public and Private 143
Trends and Issues Influencing Health Care Economics 152
Effects of Health Economics on Community/Public Health Practice 159
Implications for Community/Public Health Nursing 160
Chapter 7 Epidemiology in the Community Betty C. Jung 170
How Epidemiology Supports the Ten Essentials of Public Health Services 171
Historical Roots of Epidemiology 171
Concepts Basic to Epidemiology 181
Sources of information for Epidemiologic Study 190
Methods in the Epidemiologic Investigative Process 193
Conducting Epidemiologic Research 197
Chapter 8 Communicable Disease Yezenia Cadena-Malek 204
Basic Concepts Regarding Communicable Diseases 205
Major Communicable Diseases in the United States 211
Primary Prevention 224
Secondary Prevention 235
Tertiary Prevention 235
Legal and Ethical Issues in Communicable Disease Control 236
Chapter 9 Environmental Health and Safety Ruth McDermott-Levy Jeanne M. Leffers 242
Environmental Health and Nursing 243
Concepts and Frameworks For Environmental Health 244
Core Functions of Public Health 250
Global Environmental Health 266
Unit 3 Community/Public Health Nursing Toolbox 273
Chapter 10 Communication, Collaboration, and Technology Cherie Rector Colleen Marzilli 273
Communication in Community/Public Health Nursing 274
Communicating With Groups 280
Contracting in Community/Public Health Nursing 283
Collaboration and Partnerships in Community/Public Health Nursing 286
Health Technology 289
Chapter 11 Health Promotion Through Education Dana Todd 305
Healthy People 2030 and Key Concepts Related to Health Promotion 305
Health Promotion Through Change 309
Change Through Health Education 314
Chapter 12 Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Community/Public Health Programs Denise Cummins 332
Planning Community Health Programs: The Basics 333
Identifying Group or Community Health Problems 334
Evaluating Outcomes 343
Marketing and Community Health Programs 348
Securing Grants to Fund Community Health Programs 352
Chapter 13 Policy Making and Advocacy Heide R. Cygan Susan M. Swider 358
Health in These United States: How Healthy Are We? 359
Health Policy Analysis 361
Policy Analysis for the PHN 368
Political Action and Advocacy for C/PHNs 371
Current US Health Policy Options 376
Power and Empowerment 378
Unit 4 The Health of Our Population 385
Chapter 14 Family as Client Mary Ann Drake Ezra C. Holston 385
Family Health and Family Health Nursing 387
Family Characteristics and Dynamics 388
Family Health Nursing: Preparing for the Home Visit 398
Applying the Nursing Process to Family Health 407
Chapter 15 Community as Client Naomi E. Ervin Lakisha Nicole Flagg 416
When the Client Is a Community: Characteristics of Community/Public Health Nursing Practice 416
Theories and Models For Community/Public Health Nursing Practice 417
Principles of Community/Public Health Nursing 422
What Is a Healthy Community? 423
Dimensions of the Community as Client 423
The Nursing Process Applied to the Community as Client 428
Types of Community Needs Assessment 431
Methods For Collecting Community Data 435
Sources of Community Data 436
Data Analysis and Diagnosis 438
Planning to Meet the Health Needs of the Community 440
Implementing Health Promotion Plans For the Community 442
Evaluation of Implemented Community Health Improvement Plans 443
Chapter 16 Global Health Nursing Katharine West 450
A Framework for Global Health Nursing Assessment 451
Global Health Concepts 453
Global Health Trends 457
Global Health Ethics 475
Chapter 17 Disasters and Their Impact Beverly A. Dandridge 480
Disasters 480
Terrorism and Wars 496
Chapter 18 Violence and Abuse Rachell A. Ekroos Lauren Traveller 506
Dynamics and Characteristics of a Crisis 507
Overview of Violence Across the Life Cycle 508
History of Violence Against Women and Children 509
Violence Against Children 510
Intimate Partner Violence 517
Elder Abuse and Maltreatment of Older Adults 522
Other Forms of Violence 523
Healthy People 2030 and Violence Prevention 526
Levels of Prevention: Crisis Intervention and Family and Intimate Partner (IP) Violence 526
Violence From Outside the Home 530
The Nursing Process 531
Unit 5 Aggregate Populations 537
Chapter 19 Maternal-Child Health Dana Todd Carmen George 537
Health Status and Needs of Pregnant Women and Infants 538
Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers 550
Health Services for Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers 558
Role of the C/PHN 564
Chapter 20 School-Age Children and Adolescents Peggy H. Anderson 569
School: Child's Work 569
Poverty: A Major Social Determinant of Health in School-Age Children and Adolescents 570
Health Problems of School-Age Children 571
Adolescent Health 586
Health Services For School-Age Children and Adolescents 599
Chapter 21 Adult Health Vanessa Amore Jones Judith L. Hold 608
Demographics of Adult Women and Men 609
Life Expectancy 610
Health Disparities 610
Health Literacy 611
Major Health Problems of Adults 611
Women's Health 616
Men's Health 625
Role of the Community Health Nurse 630
Chapter 22 Older Adults Judith M. Scott 637
Geriatrics and Gerontology 638
Health Status of Older Adults 639
Dispelling Ageism 641
Meeting the Health Needs of Older Adults 642
Levels of Prevention 643
Health Costs for Older Adults: Medicare and Medicaid 655
Elder Abuse 656
Approaches to Older Adult Care 657
Health Services for Older Adult Populations 658
End of Life: Advance Directives, Hospice, and Palliative Care 661
Care for the Caregiver 661
The Community Health Nurse in an Aging America 662
Unit 6 Vulnerable Populations 667
Chapter 23 Working With Vulnerable People Rebecca E. Sutter Lenore Hernandez 667
The Concept of Vulnerable Populations 668
Vulnerability and Inequality in Health Care 674
Working With Vulnerable Populations 677
Social Justice and Public Health Nursing 684
Chapter 24 Clients With Disabilities Charlene Niemi 689
Perspectives on Disability and Health 691
Health Promotion and Prevention Needs of Persons With Disabilities 695
Civil Rights Legislation 697
Families of Persons With Disabilities 700
Universal Design 703
The Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse 705
Chapter 25 Behavioral Health in the Community Deborah S. Einnell 710
Contemporary Issues 710
Prevention of Substance Use and Mental Disorders 715
Mental Health 717
Substance Use 719
Tobacco Use 725
Community- and Population-Based interventions 726
Chapter 26 Working with the Homeless Mary Lashley 731
Scope of the Problem 732
Health Care and the Homeless 741
Resources to Combat Homelessness 742
Role of the C/PHN 743
Chapter 27 Rural, Migrant, and Urban Communities Robin M. White 752
Definitions and Demographics 753
Rural Health 759
Migrant Health 769
Urban Health 782
Unit 7 Settings for Community/Public Health Nursing 797
Chapter 28 Public Settings Mary Jo Stanley Beverly A. Dandridge 797
Public Health Nursing 798
Public Health Funding and Governmental Structures 799
Nursing Roles in Local, State, and Federal Public Health Positions 800
Correctional Nursing 821
Correctional Nursing Careers 824
Chapter 29 Private Settings Carol Pochron Angelique Lawyer Mary Jo Stanley 829
Nurse-Led Health Centers 830
Faith Community Nursing 835
Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing 839
Nurse Entrepreneur in Community/Public Health Nursing 845
Chapter 30 Home Health and Hospice Care Elizabeth Wright Mary Jo Stanley 850
Home Health Care 850
Hospice Care 859
Appendix: Quad Council Tier 1 Community/Public Health Nursing Competencies 869
Index 873
