Communication in Vehicles: Cultural Variability in Speech Systems / Edition 1

by Brion van Over, Ute Winter, Elizabeth Molina-Markham, Sunny Lie, Donal Carbaugh

Overview

New technology in vehicles is transforming the way people move around as well as what they do in their vehicles. How does one communicate with an in-car speech system and how does this vary by language or cultural community? This book explores this process by focusing on the communication practices that people engage in when using their in-car systems and when talking about their vehicles with co-passengers. Chapters present a robust theory and methodology for studying communication in cars, how tasks are begun and ended, how people switch between tasks, how non-task talk appears, what ways and styles of communication drivers prefer, and how they expect the system voice to respond, among other things. Particular attention is given to cultural preferences as they are evident in this communication; these preferences are found to ground various trajectories in the use and meaning of in-car communication practices. The book explores these matters with a focus on the United States and Mainland China. Implications are drawn for the design and utilization of in-car communication systems.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9783110518917
Publisher:	De Gruyter
Publication date:	01/20/2020
Series:	De Gruyter Textbook
Pages:	164
Product dimensions:	6.69(w) x 9.45(h) x (d)

About the Author

Brion van Over, USA. Ute Winter, Israel. Elizabeth Molina-Markham, USA. Sunny Lie, USA. Donal Carbaugh, USA.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements v

1 Cultural Analyses of In-car Communication 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 The Ethnography of Communication: Cultural Discourse Analysis 2

1.3 Criteria for Deciding to Participate 3

1.4 Difficulties and Challenges 4

References 6

2 A Model for Investigating Cultural Dimensions of Communication in the Car 7

2.1 Introduction 7

2.1 The Theoretical Framework 8

2.1.1 The Car as a Communication Situation 8

2.1.2 In-car Communication Events 9

2.1.3 Design Dimensions for Speech Enabled HMI 10

2.1.4 Norms in Communication Situations and Events 12

2.2 Research Design 14

2.2.1 Data Collection in the Field 14

2.2.1.1 Pre-fieldwork Activity 14

2.2.1.2 Fieldwork Activity 14

2.2.1.3 Post-fieldwork Activity (A) 15

2.2.1.4 Post-fieldwork Activity (B) 15

2.2.2 Field Data Analyses: Descriptive, Interpretive, Comparative 16

2.3 Experimental Set Up for Field Research 18

2.3.1 An Embedded Wizard of Oz Interface for the Car 18

2.3.2 Multimodal Design Principles 20

2.3.3 One Brief Example of a Field Data Collection Process 20

2.4 Summary 21

References 22

3 "You can do it baby": Non-Task Talk with an In-Car Speech Enabled System 25

3.1 Introduction 25

3.2 Research on Design, Human-Machine Interaction, and In-Car Communication 26

3.3 Approach 28

3.4 Data Analysis 29

3.4.1 Directives 29

3.4.2 Non-task talk in directive sequences 30

3.4.2.1 Turn-taking 32

3.4.2.2 Functions 35

3.4.3 Participant reflections on interacting with the system 37

3.5 Findings: Competing cultural norms active during driving sessions 39

3.6 Implications for speech enabled interface design and suggestions for future research 41

3.7 Comparison with findings from mainland China 43

3.8 Conclusion 44

References 45

4 User Interaction Styles 48

4.1 Dimensions of Stylistic Variation 48

4.1.1 Dimensions of an Efficient Task Accomplishment Style 49

4.1.2 Dimensions of an Interactive Task Accomplishment Style 50

4.1.3 Distribution of Styles 53

4.2 Stylistic Preferences in Verbal Reports 54

4.3 A Style of Maximal Efficiency 57

4.4 A Style of Maximal Interactivity 58

4.5 Contextual Dependence 59

4.6 Cultural Interaction Styles in China 59

4.7 Considerations for In-car HMI Design Recommendations 63

4.8 Summary 64

References 64

5 Taking Turns with a Machine: The cultural maintenance of interaction organization 65

5.1 Introduction 65

5.2 Theoretical Framework and Related Literature 67

5.3 Methodology 69

5.4 Prompt Timing and Misalignment - A Formula for Interruptions 70

5.5 Interactional Adaptation 74

5.5.1 User Adaptation: Competitive Production 74

5.5.2 User Adaptation: Defer to System 75

5.5.3 User Adaptation: Abandon Voice Task Switching 76

5.5.4 User Adaptation: Persistent Trouble 77

5.6 Norms and Premises 78

5.7 Implications for Design 81

References 82

6 "I had already started blabbing" - User Barge-in 86

6.1 Introduction 86

6.2 User Overlap in the US Data 87

6.3 User-initiated Overlap in the China Study 93

6.4 Cultural Variability in Overlap Timing 96

6.5 Cultural Variability in Norms for Interaction 96

6.6 Design Implications and Conclusion 99

6.6.1 Importance of Overlap to Users 99

6.6.2 Prompt Timing and Wording 99

6.6.3 Proposed Solution 100

References 101

7 Apologies in In-Car Speech Technologies 103

7.1 Introduction 103

7.2 Theoretical Framework and Related Literature 103

7.2.1 Culture and Communication Practices 103

7.2.2 Human-Interface Relationship 104

7.3 Apologies in HMI 105

7.4 Data and Methodology 106

7.5 Analysis 107

7.6 Study 1 108

7.7 "Does it apologize?" 110

7.8 Study 2 111

7.9 "I do like polite, but I don't need apologetic" 113

7.10 Discussion and Design Considerations 115

References 117

8 "Ok, talk to you later": Practices of Ending and Switching Tasks in Interactions with an In-Car Voice Enabled Interface 120

8.1 Introduction 120

8.2 Theoretical Background 121

8.3 Analysis 124

8.3.1 Preferences for ending task 124

8.3.2 Further consideration of instances of task endings 127

8.3.2.1 Touching the microphone button 127

8.3.2.2 Trouble during task switching 128

8.3.2.3 Trouble during task switching 128

8.3.2.3 Going "back" 128

8.4 Discussion 130

8.5 Comparison with findings from mainland China 132

8.6 Conclusion 134

References 135

9 Communication and Cultures in Cars: Reflections and Looking Forward 138

9.1 Field Research Cycle 140

9.1.1 Pre-fieldwork Activity 140

9.1.2 Fieldwork Activity 140

9.1.3 Post-fieldwork Activity (Stage One): Descriptive and Interpretive Analyses 141

9.1.4 Post-fieldwork Activity (Stage Two): Comparative Analyses and Critical Assessments 141

9.2 Some Considerations of the Field Site 141

9.2.1 The Field Sites 141

9.2.2 Selection of Participants 142

9.2.3 General Schedule at each Field Site 142

9.3 Means of Data Collection 143

9.3.1 Gathering Data from Study Participants 143

9.3.2 Field Researchers: 143

9.3.3 Observational Scheme 144

9.3.4 The Interview Session 145

9.3.5 The Debriefing 145

9.3.6 Technology 146

9.4 Procedures for the Analysis of Data 146

9.4.1 Phase One: Descriptive Analysis 146

9.4.2 Phase Two: Interpretive Analysis 147

9.4.3 Phase Three: Comparative Analysis 148

9.4.4 Phase Four: Critical Analysis 148

9.5 Summary 148

References 149

10 Appendix A 151