Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Welcome to the Miniature World of Bryophytes and Lichens 1
2 Bryophytes Are Plants 18
3 Where Bryophytes Grow 29
4 How to Use This Book to Identify Mosses 49
5 Acrocarps with Hairlike Leaves 57
Bartramia pomiformis 59
Brothera leana 60
Dicranella heteromalla 61
Dicranum scoparium 62
Ditrichum pallidum 63
Orthodicranum fulvum 64
Orthodicranum montanum 65
6 Acrocarps with Lance-Shaped Leaves 66
Aulacomnium palustre 70
Barbula unguiculata 71
Ceratodon purpureus 72
Hymenostylium recurvirostrum and Gymnostomum aeruginosum 73
Leucobryum glaucum 74
Orthodicranum flagellare 75
Orthotrichum ohioense 76
Orthotrichum pusillum 77
Pohlia nutans 78
Schistidium apocarpum 79
Tortella humilis 80
Tortella tortuosa 81
Ulota crispula 82
Weissia controversa 83
7 Acrocarps with Tongue-Shaped Leaves 84
Arrhenopterum heterostichum 86
Diphyscium foliosum 87
Hyophila involuta 88
Mnium hornum 89
Plagiomnium ciliare 90
Tortula porteri 91
8 Acrocarps with Broad Leaves 93
Bryum argenteum 97
Bryum lisae 98
Bryum pseudotriquetrum 99
Ephemerum crassinervium 100
Funaria hygrometrica 101
Mnium marginatum and M. stellare 102
Physcomitrium pyriforme 103
Physcomitrium serratum 104
Plagiomnium cuspidatum 105
Rhizomnium punctatum 106
Rhodobryum ontariense 107
Syntrichia papillosa 108
Tetraphis pellucida 109
Tortula obtusifolia 110
9 Flat Fissidens and Friends 111
Bryoxiphium norvegicum 114
Fissidens adianthoides 115
Fissidens bryoides and F. minutulus 116
Fissidens dubius and F. osmundioides 117
Fissidens fontanus 118
Fissidens obtusifolius 119
Fissidens subbasilaris 120
Fissidens taxifolius 121
Schistostega pennata 122
10 Sickle-Leaved Pleurocarps 124
Calliergonella curvifolia 126
Calliergonella lindbergii 127
Ctenidium subrectifolium 128
Drepanocladus aduncus 129
Hypnum imponens 130
Pylaisiadelpha tenuirostris 131
11 Costate-Leaved Pleurocarps 132
Amblystegium serpens 137
Anacamptodon splachnoides 138
Anomodon attenuatus 139
Anomodon minor 140
Anomodon tristis 141
Brachythecium laetum and B. falcatum 142
Brachythecium rivulare 143
Bryhnia graminicolor 144
Bryhnia novae-angliae 145
Bryoandersonia illecebra 146
Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus 147
Claopodium rostratum 148
Climacium americanum 149
Forsstroemia trichomitria 150
Haplocladium microphyllum 151
Helodium paludosum 152
Hygroamblystegium varium 153
Leptodictyum riparium 154
Leskea gracilescens 155
Oxyrrhynchium hians 156
Rhynchostegium serrulatum 157
Sciuro-hypnum plumosum 158
Thuidium delicatulum 159
12 Ecostate-Leaved Pleurocarps 160
Callicladium haldanianum 163
Calliergonella cuspidata 164
Campylium stellatum 165
Entodon cladorrhizans 166
Entodon seductrix 167
Fontinalis species 168
Hedwigia ciliata 169
Hookeria acutifolia 170
Leucodon julaceus 171
Plagiothecium cavifolium 172
Plagiothecium laetum 173
Platygyrium repens 174
Pleurozium schreberi 175
Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans 176
Taxiphyllum deplanatum 177
13 The Haircap Mosses 178
Atrichum angustatum 182
Atrichum altecristatum 183
Pogonatum pensilvanicum 184
Polytrichum commune 185
Polytrichum juniperinum 186
Polytrichum ohioense 187
Polytrichum piliferum 188
14 Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses: A Quick Tour 189
15 Liverworts: The Other Bryophytes 194
Bazzania trilobata 205
Calypogeia muelleriana 206
Cephalozia hicuspidata 207
Cololejeunea biddlecomiae 208
Conocephalum salebrosum 209
Diplophyllum apiculatum 210
Fossombronia wondraczekii 211
Frullania eboracensis and F. asagrayana 212
Liochlaena lanceolata 213
Lophocolea heterophylla 214
Marchantia polymorpha 215
Marchantia quadrata 216
Metzgeria furcata and M. conjugata 217
Nowellia curvifolia 218
Odontoschisma denudatum 219
Odontoschisma sphagni and Solenostoma gracillimum 220
Pallavcinia lyellii 221
Pellia epiphylla 222
Plagiochila asplenioides 223
Porella platyphylloidea 224
Ptilidium pulcherrimum 225
Radula complanata 226
Reboulia hemisphaerica 227
Riccia fluitans 228
Ricciocarpos natans 229
Scapania nemorea 230
Trichocolea tomentella 231
16 Lichens Are Fungi That Have a Garden 232
17 Where Lichens Grow 238
18 How to Use This Book to Identify Lichens 244
19 Brilliant Orange and Yellow Lichens 255
Candelaria concolor 257
Rusavskia elegans and Xanthomendoza hasseana 258
Xanthomendoza fallax 259
Xanthomendoza weberi 260
20 Yellow-Green Foliose Lichens 261
Flavoparmelia baltimorensis 262
Flavoparmelia caperata 263
Flavopunctelia soredica 264
Xanthoparmelia conspersa 265
Xanthoparmelia plittii 266
21 Brown Foliose Lichens 267
Anaptychia palmulata 269
Cetraria arenaria 270
Hyperphyscia adglutinata 271
Hyperphyscia syncolla 272
Melanelixia subaurifera 273
Phaeophyscia adiastola 274
Phaeophyscia ciliata 275
Phaeophyscia hirsuta 276
Phaeophyscia pusilloides 277
Phaeophyscia rubropulchra 278
Tuckermanopsis americana 279
22 Gray Narrow-Lobed Foliose Lichens 281
Heterodermia obscurata 284
Heterodermia speciosa 285
Hypotrachyna livida 286
Hypotrachyna minarum 287
Imshaugia aleurites 288
Imshaugia placorodia 289
Myelochroa galbina 290
Parmelia sulcata 291
Physcia adscendens 292
Physcia aipolia and P. stellaris 293
Physcia americana 294
Physcia millegrana 295
Physconia detersa and P. leucoleiptes 296
Pyxine sorediata 297
Pyxine subcinerea 298
23 Gray Broad-Lobed Foliose Lichens 299
Crespoa crozalziana 301
Myelochroa aurulenta 302
Parmotrema hypotropum 303
Parmotrema perforatum 304
Parmotrema reticulatum 305
Punctelia caseana 306
Punctelia missouriensis 307
Punctelia rudecta 308
24 Cyanolichens (Pelts and Jellies): A Quick Tour 309
25 Umbilicate Lichens 313
Dermatocarpon luridum 314
Dermatocarpon muhlenbergii 315
Lasallia papulosa 316
Umbilicaria mammulata 317
26 Branched Fruticose Lichens 318
Cladonia furcata 320
Cladonia rangiferina 321
Cladonia subtenuis 322
Cladonia uncialis 323
Evernia mesomorpha 324
Ramalina americana 325
Ramalina intermedia 326
Usnea mutabilis 327
Usnea strigosa 328
27 Cladoniiform Lichens 329
Cladonia apodocarpa 332
Cladonia caespiticia 333
Cladonia coniocraea and C. macilenta 334
Cladonia cristatella and C. pleurota 335
Cladonia grayi and related species 336
Cladonia parasitica 337
Cladonia peziziformis 338
Cladonia polycarpoides 339
Cladonia pyxidata 340
Cladonia- squamosa 341
Cladonia verticillata 342
Dibaeis baeomyces 343
Pyncothelia papillaria 344
28 Crustose and Other "Microlichens" and Squamulose Lichens 345
Bryophyte Glossary 353
Lichen Glossary 357
References 361
Index of Common Names and General Index 363
Index of Scientific Names 371