| About the Authors | ix |
| Contributors | xi |
| Foreword | xiii |
| Foreword to the Second Edition | xv |
| Acknowledgments | xvii |
Chapter 1 | The Overall Process of Delegation | 1 |
| The Definition | 1 |
| The Model: The Key to Delegation | 2 |
| The Skill | 8 |
Chapter 2 | Know Your World | 11 |
| What in the World Is Going On? | 11 |
| Influence of Nurse Shortages | 13 |
| Demographic Trends | 17 |
| Health Care Delivery Trends | 20 |
| Changing Nature of Work | 21 |
| Safety and Balanced Assessments | 22 |
| Evolution of the Art and Science of Nursing Practice | 23 |
| Nursing's Responses to the Changes | 25 |
| Continual Planning for Transfer and Discharge | 26 |
| Implementation of Clinical Pathways | 26 |
| Technology Evaluation | 32 |
| Client Accountability for Care: Health Education | 33 |
| Growth of Home Care | 35 |
| Redesign of Care Delivery Systems | 35 |
| Where Do We Go from Here? | 47 |
Chapter 3 | Know Your Practice: Is My License on the Line? | 53 |
| The State Board of Nursing | 54 |
| The National Council of State Boards of Nursing | 61 |
| The Nurse Practice Act | 63 |
| Rules and Regulations | 65 |
| The Test | 66 |
| The LPN Role | 76 |
| Delegation and the Nursing Process | 77 |
| Conclusion | 82 |
Chapter 4 | Know Your Organization: What About Where I Work? | 85 |
| Historical Development--Or, How Did We Get Here? | 85 |
| In the Beginning | 86 |
| The Unionized Organization and Delegation | 88 |
| Assessing the Health Care Organization | 94 |
| The Nonunion Environment | 94 |
| The Mission Statement | 95 |
| The Organizational Structure | 99 |
| The Impact of Redesign | 103 |
| The Quality Program | 106 |
| Safety in Practice | 107 |
| Educational Resources | 109 |
| Conclusion | 110 |
Chapter 5 | Know Yourself | 113 |
| Level of Clinical Experience: From Novice to Expert | 114 |
| Exploring Barriers | 118 |
| Survivor Syndrome | 127 |
| Other Barriers | 132 |
| Determining the Potential Benefits | 141 |
| Conclusion | 145 |
Appendix 5-A | Nursing Expertise Self-Report Scale | 147 |
Chapter 6 | Know What Needs to Be Done | 151 |
| Defining the Role | 152 |
| The PTA Model | 154 |
| Getting the Job Done | 160 |
| Additional Samples for Planning Care | 183 |
| Conclusion | 189 |
Chapter 7 | Know Your Delegate | 193 |
| Who Are the Delegates? | 194 |
| Assessing the Role Played by Each Delegate | 195 |
| Official Expectations of Each Role | 195 |
| Practice Acts and Regulations | 195 |
| The Question of Competency: Evaluating and Maintaining from a Regulatory Perspective | 198 |
| Accountability for Competence | 204 |
| Job Descriptions | 204 |
| Validated Competencies: The Organizational Perspective | 207 |
| The Impact of the Mission on Job Roles | 209 |
| Unofficial Expectations of Each Role | 210 |
| Assessing the Delegate's Strengths | 215 |
| Assessing the Delegate's Weaknesses | 218 |
| Assessing the Delegate's Motivation | 223 |
| Your Responsibility for the "General Climate" of Motivation | 227 |
| Assessing the Delegate's Preferences | 228 |
| Assessing Cultural Differences | 228 |
| Conclusion | 231 |
Chapter 8 | Know How to Communicate | 235 |
| Delegate Responses | 236 |
| Communication Styles: Passive, Aggressive, Assertive | 238 |
| Effective Assigning | 242 |
| Assertive Follow-Up | 248 |
| Nonverbal Behaviors | 251 |
| Conclusion | 252 |
Chapter 9 | Know How to Resolve Conflict: Getting Coworkers to Work Together as a Team | 255 |
| Conflict as a Concept | 255 |
| Sources of Conflict | 256 |
| Cost of Conflict | 259 |
| Strategies for Conflict Resolution | 261 |
| Innovative Issue Resolution Process: A Collaborative Method | 271 |
| Case Study Analysis of Collaborative Resolution | 277 |
| Conclusion | 279 |
Chapter 10 | Know How to Give Feedback | 285 |
| Benefits of Giving and Receiving Feedback | 286 |
| The Power of Feedback | 287 |
| The Process | 288 |
| Giving Feedback to the Delegate | 290 |
| Application to the Delegation Process | 292 |
| Requesting and Receiving Feedback | 299 |
| Upward Feedback | 300 |
| Conclusion | 303 |
Chapter 11 | Know How to Evaluate: How Well Has the Delegation Process Produced the Outcomes I Wanted to Achieve? | 305 |
| Evaluation: Continuous, Problem-Related, and Periodic | 306 |
| Continuous Evaluation | 308 |
| Specific Incident or Problem-Related Evaluation: Critical Thinking | 316 |
| Periodic Evaluation | 330 |
| Case Study Analysis of Evaluation | 332 |
| Documentation and the Delegation Process | 334 |
| Conclusion | 339 |
| Celebrate the Success of the Team! | 340 |
Appendix 11-A | Nurse Delegation | 344 |
| Contact Information for State Boards of Nursing | 351 |
| Index | 359 |