Table of Contents
About the Authors vii
Acknowledgments viii
Introduction 1
Part I Executive Functioning: The Basics 5
1 What Is Executive Functioning? 7
Definition 7
Core Executive Skills 9
How Do Executive Skills Develop? 13
To Sum Up 17
Time to Reflect 18
2 Putting a Face on Executive Functions: Students Who Struggle 19
Executive Dysfunction: A Description, Not a Diagnosis 19
The Normal Variability of Executive Functioning 20
The Vulnerability of Executive Functioning 21
Poorly Targeted Instruction 33
The Importance of Healthy Habits 34
Assessment 35
To Sum Up 38
Time to Reflect 39
Part II Interventions That Boost Executive Functions 41
3 The EF-Smart Classroom 45
The Tune-up Tools: Planning, Time, Repetition, and Mind-Set 46
The Targets: Culture, Planning, Routines, and Classroom Design 52
Planning for Change 72
To Sum Up 74
Time to Reflect 75
4 Supporting Students Who Need More Help 77
Planners 78
Materials 89
Reading 91
Writing 101
Math 105
To Sum Up 109
Time to Reflect 110
5 The EF-Smart School 111
“Old School” to New Schools 111
Faculty Meetings 115
Gathering References 116
The Magic Formula 118
To Sum Up 119
Time to Reflect 120
6 How the Specialist Can Help 121
Examining the Learning Task and Its EF Demands 122
Examining EF Skills for Levels of Automaticity and Independence: The Four-Quadrant Model 128
Consulting with Teachers 134
To Sum Up 136
Time to Reflect 137
7 Planning for Change 139
Defining a Problem of Practice 140
Planning and Reflection Guide 141
Using the Template and Guide: Case Examples 144
Plan to Monitor 157
To Sum Up 158
Time to Reflect 158
Conclusion: Helping All Students Blossom 159
Appendix A: The Top Three Accommodations for Students with EF Problems 161
Appendix B: Accessing the Online Materials 165
Endnotes 167
Index 171
