Biogeochemical, Health, and Ecotoxicological Perspectives on Gold and Gold Mining / Edition 1 available in Paperback
Biogeochemical, Health, and Ecotoxicological Perspectives on Gold and Gold Mining / Edition 1
- ISBN-10:
- 0367393697
- ISBN-13:
- 9780367393694
- Pub. Date:
- 09/19/2019
- Publisher:
- Taylor & Francis
- ISBN-10:
- 0367393697
- ISBN-13:
- 9780367393694
- Pub. Date:
- 09/19/2019
- Publisher:
- Taylor & Francis
Biogeochemical, Health, and Ecotoxicological Perspectives on Gold and Gold Mining / Edition 1
Paperback
Buy New
$82.99Overview
Dr. Ronald Eisler, a well-known senior research biologist and expert in the chemical and biological effects of various compounds on wildlife, provides a thorough risk assessment of gold, including its geology and sources and physical, chemical, and metabolic properties. The author documents gold concentrations and field collections of abiotic materials and biota and presents research on the lethal and sublethal effects of gold on plants and animals. Supported by case histories, the book examines health risks in gold miners, human sensitivity to jewelry and dental implants, and medicinal uses. It uses examples in several countries to thoroughly explore the environmental effects of gold extraction, including tailings disposal, acid mine drainage, cyanide, arsenic, and mercury contamination, water management issues, and abandoned mines.
Unlike traditional risk assessments, the author also takes into account social, political, economic, medicinal, and psychological variables for a more complete perspective on gold's impact on health and the environment. Biogeochemical, Health, and Ecotoxicological Perspectives on Gold and Gold Mining concludes with a discussion on mining legislation, safety, and procedures.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780367393694 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
| Publication date: | 09/19/2019 |
| Pages: | 376 |
| Product dimensions: | 6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Part 1 Gold and Gold Compounds 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
Literature Cited 5
Chapter 2 Geology, Sources, and Production 7
2.1 Geology 8
2.2 Sources and Production 10
2.2.1 Asia and Environs 12
2.2.2 Canada 12
2.2.3 Europe 13
2.2.4 Republic of South Africa (RSA) 14
2.2.5 South America 14
2.2.6 United States 14
2.3 Summary 19
Literature Cited 19
Chapter 3 Uses 23
3.1 Jewelry 23
3.2 Coinage 24
3.3 Electronics 26
3.4 Radiogold 26
3.5 Medicine 28
3.6 Dentistry 31
3.7 Delivery Vehicle 32
3.8 Electron Microscopy 32
3.9 Other 33
3.10 Summary 33
Literature Cited 33
Chapter 4 Properties 39
4.1 Physical Properties 39
4.2 Chemical Properties 41
4.3 Biochemical Properties 43
4.4 Summary 47
Literature Cited 48
Chapter 5 Gold Concentrations in Field Collections 51
5.1 Abiotic Materials 51
5.2 Plants 56
5.3 Animals 59
5.4 Summary 60
Literature Cited 61
Chapter 6 The Effects of Gold on Plants and Animals 65
6.1 Aquatic Organisms 65
6.1.1 Monovalent Gold 65
6.1.2 Trivalent Gold 66
6.2 Accumulation 67
6.2.1 Microorganisms, Fungi, and Higher Plants 68
6.2.2 Aquatic Macrofauna 72
6.2.3 Animal Fibrous Proteins 73
6.3 Laboratory Mammals 73
6.3.1 Metallic Gold 73
6.3.2 Monovalent Gold: Obese Mouse Model 74
6.3.3 Monovalent Gold: Other 75
6.3.4 Trivalent Gold 80
6.4 Summary 81
Literature Cited 82
Part 2 Human Health Impacts 89
Chapter 7 Health Risks of Gold Miners 91
7.1 Historical Background 91
7.2 Health Risks: Underground Miners 93
7.2.1 Australia 93
7.2.2 North America 94
7.2.3 South America 95
7.2.4 Europe 96
7.2.5 Africa 96
7.3 Health Risks: Surface Miners Who Use Mercury 100
7.3.1 Case Histories 101
7.3.2 Mercury in Tissues 102
7.3.3 Mercury in Air and in Fish Diet 104
7.4 Summary 105
Literature Cited 106
Chapter 8 Human Sensitivity to Gold 113
8.1 History 113
8.2 Adverse Reactions 115
8.2.1 Suicide Attempt 115
8.2.2 Teratogenicity and Carcinogenicity 115
8.2.3 Hypersensitivity 115
8.3 Case Histories 118
8.3.1 Hypersensitivity 118
8.3.2 Goldschlager Syndrome 121
8.3.3 Prostheses 122
8.3.4 Protective Effect of Gold Rings 123
8.4 Dental Aspects 123
8.4.1 Allergic Reactions and Sensitization 123
8.4.2 Case Histories 125
8.5 Summary 126
Literature Cited 126
Chapter 9 Chrysotherapy 131
9.1 History 131
9.2 Proposed Modes of Action 134
9.2.1 Au+ and Au+ Metabolites 135
9.2.2 Immunomodulatory Activity 139
9.2.3 Tumor Necrosis Factor 141
9.2.4 Bone Resorption 142
9.2.5 Leukocyte Infiltration 142
9.2.6 Lysosomal Enzymes 142
9.2.7 Macrophages 143
9.2.8 Polymorphic Neutrophils 143
9.2.9 Sulfhydryl Binding Sites 143
9.2.10 Superoxide Ion 144
9.2.11 Thioredoxin Reductase 144
9.3 Treatment Regimes, Case Histories, and Adverse Effects 144
9.3.1 Treatment Regimes 145
9.3.2 Case Histories 146
9.3.3 Adverse Effects 148
9.4 Summary 154
Literature Cited 155
Part 3 Effects of Gold Extraction on Ecosystems 161
Chapter 10 Gold Mine Wastes: History, Acid Mine Drainage, and Tailings Disposal 163
10.1 Overview 163
10.1.1 Lode Mining 165
10.1.2 Placer Mining 166
10.2 Acid Mine Drainage 168
10.2.1 Effects 169
10.2.2 Mitigation 170
10.3 Tailings 172
10.3.1 Freshwater Disposal 172
10.3.2 Marine Disposal 178
10.3.3 Terrestrial Storage 183
10.4 Waste Rock 183
10.5 Summary 183
Literature Cited 184
Chapter 11 Cyanide Hazards to Plants and Animals from Gold Mining and Related Water Issues 189
11.1 History of Cyanide Use in Gold Mining 189
11.2 Cyanide Hazards 195
11.2.1 Aquatic Ecosystems 195
11.2.2 Birds 199
11.2.3 Mammals 201
11.2.4 Terrestrial Flora 203
11.3 Cyanide Mitigation and Research Needs 203
11.4 Water Management Issues 206
11.4.1 Affected Resources 207
11.4.2 Pit Lakes 211
11.5 Water Quality and Management Research Needs 213
11.6 Summary 214
Literature Cited 215
Chapter 12 Arsenic Hazards from Gold Mining for Humans, Plants, and Animals 221
12.1 Arsenic Sources to the Biosphere from Gold Mining 221
12.2 Arsenic Risks to Human Health 223
12.3 Arsenic Concentrations in Abiotic Materials and Biota near Gold Extraction Facilities 225
12.4 Arsenic Effects on Sensitive Species 230
12.5 Proposed Arsenic Criteria 241
12.6 Summary 244
Literature Cited 245
Chapter 13 Mercury Hazards from Gold Mining for Humans, Plants, and Animals 251
13.1 History of Mercury in Gold Mining 251
13.2 Ecotoxicological Aspects of Amalgamation 255
13.2.1 Brazil 255
13.2.2 South America Other than Brazil 265
13.2.3 Africa 267
13.2.4 People's Republic of China 268
13.2.5 The Philippines 268
13.2.6 Siberia 269
13.2.7 Canada 269
13.2.8 The United States 270
13.3 Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Mercury 276
13.3.1 Aquatic Organisms 277
13.3.2 Birds 281
13.3.3 Mammals 284
13.3.4 Other Groups 286
13.4 Proposed Mercury Criteria 286
13.5 Summary 293
Literature Cited 293
Chapter 14 Abandoned Underground Gold Mines 307
14.1 Habitat for Biota 307
14.2 Land Development 309
14.3 Effects on Water Quality 310
14.4 Science Site Potential 312
14.5 Summary 312
Literature Cited 312
Part 4 Mining Legislation, Concluding Remarks, and Indices 315
Chapter 15 Selected Mining Legislation 317
15.1 United States 317
15.1.1 Federal Laws 317
15.1.2 Mining Public Lands in the Western United States 323
15.1.3 State Laws 327
15.1.4 Mining Law Reform 328
15.2 Foreign 328
15.3 Summary 330
Literature Cited 331
Chapter 16 Concluding Remarks 333
General Index 337
Species Index 351