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Overview
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781119965367 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| Publication date: | 08/10/2011 |
| Series: | Wiley Series in Renewable Resource , #15 |
| Sold by: | JOHN WILEY & SONS |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 256 |
| File size: | 4 MB |
About the Author
Wim Soetaert,
Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Erick J. Vandamme,
Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Series Editor
Christian Stevens
Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Read an Excerpt
Table of Contents
Series Preface ix
Preface xi
List of Contributors xiii
1 Biofuels in Perspective Wim Soetaert Erick J. Vandamme 1
1.1 Fossil versus Renewable Energy Resources 1
1.2 Economic Impact 2
1.3 Comparison of Bio-energy Sources 4
1.4 Conclusion 7
References 7
2 Sustainable Production of Cellulosic Feedstock for Biorefineries in the USA Matthew T. Carr James R. Hettenhaus 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Availability of Cellulosic Feedstocks 11
2.3 Feedstock Options 13
2.4 Sustainable Removal 16
2.5 Erosion Control 18
2.6 Tilling Practice 19
2.7 Transitioning to No-till 21
2.8 Realizing Removal 22
2.9 Removal Economics 25
2.10 Climate Change Mitigation 27
2.11 Pretreatment 29
2.12 Farmer in Value Chain 32
2.13 The Start: Preprocessing Pentose Sugars and Lignin 32
2.14 Continuing Downstream: Fungible Fermentation Sugars 32
2.15 Looking Upstream 33
2.16 Logistics 33
2.17 Conclusions 33
2.18 Policy Recommendations 34
References 35
3 Bio-Ethanol Development in the USA Brent Erickson Matthew T. Carr 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Federal Policy 40
3.3 The US Ethanol Market 41
3.4 Corn Ethanol Technology 46
3.5 Cellulosic Ethanol 49
3.6 The Future 52
References 53
4 Bio-Ethanol Development(s) in Brazil Arnaldo Walter 55
4.1 Overview 55
4.2 Introduction 56
4.3 The Brazilian Experience with Ethanol 56
4.4 Policy and Regulatory Instruments Applied to Deploy Large-Scale Ethanol Production 59
4.5 Cost Reductions 61
4.6 Technological Development 62
4.7 Is the Ethanol Production in Brazil Sustainable? 65
4.8 Is the Brazilian Experience Replicable? 72
4.9 Conclusions 73
References 74
5 Process Technologies for BiodieselProduction Martin Mittelbach 77
5.1 Introduction 77
5.2 Biodiesel Production Worldwide 77
5.3 Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production 79
5.4 Chemical Principles of Biodiesel Production 80
5.5 Catalysts for Transesterification and Esterification Reactions 81
5.6 Transesterification in Supercritical Alcohols 86
5.7 Alternative Approaches 87
5.8 Overview of Process Technologies 87
References 91
6 Bio-based Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Production Technologies Robin Zwart Rene van Ree 95
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 Theoretical Background Catalytic FT-Diesel Synthesis Process 96
6.3 Biomass Gasification-Based FT-Diesel Production Concepts 100
6.4 Economics of Biomass-Based FT-Diesel Production Concepts 110
6.5 Conclusions 113
References 114
7 Plant Oil Biofuel: Rationale, Production and Application Barnim Jeschke 117
7.1 Introduction 117
7.2 Plant Oil Biofuels: the Underlying Idea 118
7.3 Perspectives of the Plant Oil Fuel Market 119
7.4 System Requirements 122
7.5 Plant Oil Conversion Technology 124
7.6 The User Perspective 125
References 127
8 Enzymatic Production of Biodiesel Hideki Fukuda 129
8.1 Introduction 129
8.2 Enzymatic Transesterification by Lipase 130
8.3 Use of Extracellular Lipases 131
8.4 Use of Intracellular Lipase as Whole-Cell Biocatalyst 136
8.5 Use of Cell-Surface Displaying Cells as Whole-Cell Biocatalyst 143
8.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 147
References 147
9 Production of Biodiesel from Waste Lipids Roland Verhe Christian V. Stevens 153
9.1 Introduction 153
9.2 Alternative Resources for Biodiesel Production 155
9.3 Conversion of Waste Frying and Cooking Oils into Biodiesel 155
9.4 Conclusion 168
References 169
10 Biomass Digestion to Methane in Agriculture: A Successful Pathway for the Energy Production and Waste Treatment Worldwide Peter Weiland Willy Verstraete Adrianus Van Haandel 171
10.1 Overview 171
10.2 Introduction 172
10.3 Biogas Production Potential 174
10.4 Biogas Production Configurations 183
10.5 Outlook 191
10.6 Conclusions 193
References 194
11 Biological Hydrogen Production by Anaerobic Microorganisms Serve W.M. Kengen Heleen P. Goorissen Marcel Verhaart Alfons J.M. Stams Ed W.J. van Niel Pieternel A.M. Claassen 197
Abbreviations 197
11.1 Introduction 198
11.2 Hydrogen Formation in Natural Ecosystems 198
11.3 Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Formation 199
11.4 Enzymology 204
11.5 Enterobacteria 206
11.6 The Genus Clostridium 207
11.7 The Genus Caldicellulosiruptor 208
11.8 The Genus Thermoanaerobacter 210
11.9 The Genus Thermotoga 211
11.10 The Genus Pyrococcus/Thermococcus 212
11.11 Approaches for Improving Hydrogen Production 213
11.12 Concluding Remarks 214
References 215
12 Improving Sustainability of the Corn-Ethanol Industry Paul W. Gallagher Hosein Shapouri 223
12.1 Introduction 223
12.2 Energy Balance 224
12.3 Crop Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 226
12.4 CO2 Adjustment in a Changing Ethanol Industry 228
12.5 Conclusions 232
References 233
Index 235
What People are Saying About This
?This compilation provides a worthwhile insight into the past accomplishments, future needs, and economics in developing this industry that will meet a growing demand for energy.? (CHOICE, October 2009)
"This book highlights in a highly topical, competent and clear-cut presentation the significance of producing energy carriers from biobased feedstocks and their transformation processes. It encompasses developments in agriculture and a multitude of production technologies regarding both sustainability of future feedstock and requirements of human nutrition." (Starch, June 2009)