Biochemistry / Edition 9

by Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto, Jr.

Overview

Digital innovation and trusted authorship transform the way biochemistry students learn.
The ninth edition of Biochemistry remains true to the integrity of the original Stryer text. Showcasing exceptionally clear writing, innovative graphics, coverage of the latest research techniques and advances, and a signature emphasis on physiological and medical relevance. Those defining features are at the heart of this edition.

Biochemistry is now supported in Achieve, Macmillan’s new online learning platform. Achieve is the culmination of years of development work put toward creating the most powerful online learning tool for chemistry students. Achieve includes an interactive eBook as well as our renowned assessments and innovative, interactive Metabolic Map. Students will be able to focus their study with adaptive quizzing and more clearly see the relevance of chemistry through case studies. Instructor resources, including tools for active learning are all housed in this exciting new platform.

Achieve features a flexible suite of resources to support learning core concepts, visualization, problem-solving, and assessment. This powerful platform houses all student and instructor resources. You can assign what you want or download resources as you need. Powerful analytics and quick insights in Achieve pair with exceptional content to provide an unrivaled learning and teaching experience.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781319114671
Publisher:	Freeman, W. H. & Company
Publication date:	01/25/2019
Edition description:	Ninth Edition
Pages:	1296
Product dimensions:	8.90(w) x 11.20(h) x 1.80(d)

Read an Excerpt

Space, time, and energy are discussed from a biochemical perspective. (pages 5-6)

1. Space:
To help yourself visualize relative scale, note the size of a molecule you are studying and compare it with others. For example, glucose, one of the most commonly discussed carbohydrate molecules in metabolism, has a length of about 8 angstroms. Compare it with the blood protein molecule hemoglobin, about 65 angstroms across at its widest diameter.

Stryer uses the angstrom (Å) as a unit of dimension for structures less than 100 angstroms in size, and the units nm (nanometer) or mm (micrometer) for longer dimensions.

2. Time:
Times required for reactions at the atomic or even the molecular level are extremely short, ranging from a few picoseconds (10-12 s) to milliseconds (10-3 s) for many enzymatic reactions. The set of biochemical reactions required for the duplication of a bacterial cell takes much longer¾from 15 to 20 minutes, under optimum nutritional conditions¾but nevertheless is rapid compared with many other everyday phenomena.

3. Energy:
Energy changes in biochemical systems range from less than one kilocalorie per mole (kcal/mol), for thermal motion, to several hundred kcal/mol, for the complete oxidation of glucose.

Biochemical reactions that involve the formation or breakage of strong, covalent bonds typically require an energy input as high as 80 kcal/mol.

Three types of weak attractive forces are essential to biological structures and processes. (pages 7-9)

4. Electrostatic bonds:
(such as ionic interactions), or salt bridges. Note on page 7 how the strength of these bonds is strongly dependent on the dielectric constant of the medium. (Energies range from 3 to 7 kcal/mol.) Bonding between two oppositely charged ions in a protein is stronger if the pair is buried in the interior of the molecule, from which water is excluded.

5. Hydrogen bonds: These bonds can involve either uncharged or charged molecules. The sharing of a hydrogen atom by two other atoms is strongest when the three atoms lie in a straight line. (Energies range from 3 to 7 kcal/mol.)

Stryer cites the a helix of proteins and DNA base pairing as good examples of hydrogen bonding. Other examples are interactions among proteins and nucleotides, as occurs in transcription and translation, and interactions between macromolecules and water (or other small polar molecules).

6. Van der Waals interactions:
These are the weakest of the three types of noncovalent forces. Van der Waals attractions between adjacent atoms are due to temporary asymmetries in the distribution of their electrons, and to steric complementarities within a group of atoms. (Energy of about 1 kcal/mol.)

Water is intimately involved in all aspects of biochemistry and molecular biology. (pages 9-10)

7. Properties of water:
Stryer also summarizes the unique properties that make water biologically important. Water molecules are polar and hence are readily able to form hydrogen bonds among themselves. The same properties also allow water to compete for ionic and hydrogen bonds between polar molecules, making it an excellent solvent for polar substances.

Nonaqueous environments are also important in biochemical structure and function. (page 11)

8. Hydrophobic interactions:
Chapter 1 closes with a discussion of hydrophobic interactions among biological molecules. Nonpolar groups surrounded by water associate with each other, not only because they have an affinity for each other, but primarily because water molecules have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other than with nonpolar molecules. This phenomenon is important in the formation of membrane lipid bilayers. It also plays a role in the folding of protein chains to form globular structures whose interiors are virtually free of water (see figure 2-44).

Table of Contents

Topics.....x

Preface to the Fourth Edition.....xxvii

Prefaces to Prior Editions.....xxx

Part I: Molecular Design of Life.....1

Part II: Proteins: Conformation, Dynamics, and Function.....145

Part III: Metabolic Energy: Generation and Storage.....441

Part IV: Miosynthesis of Building Blocks.....683

Part V: Genes: Replication and Expression.....785

Appendixes.....1012

Answers to Problems.....1016

Index.....1035