Bidirectional Gene Promoters: Transcription system and chromosomal structure

by Fumiaki Uchiumi

Overview

Recent studies in human genetics and in silico analyses have revealed that a number of genes are head-head orientated with other genes or non-coding RNAs. The expression of regulatory element-containing 5’-upstream regions of gene pairs are referred to as bi-directional promoters and are thought to have a key role in biological regulatory mechanisms.

For example, tumor suppressor protein-encoding TP53 and BRCA1 genes are head-head bound with WRAP53 and NBR2, respectively. DNA-repair factor-encoding ATM and PRKDC (DNA-PKcs) genes have bidirectional partner NPAT and MCM4, respectively. Surveillance of the human DNA database has revealed that the numbers of DNA repair/mitochondrial function/immune response-associated genes are bound with other genes that are transcribed to opposite direction. The observations may encourage us to investigate in the molecular mechanisms how DNA repair/mitochondrial function/immune response-associated genes are regulated by bidirectional promoters. Not only protein-coding genes, but also quite a few ncRNAs, which play important roles in various cellular events, are transcribed under the regulation of the bidirectional promoters. More importantly, we know that dysregulation in the promoter activity and transcription initiation of genes might cause human diseases.

• Provides an overview of the process of transcription
• Explains why there so many bidirectional promoters present in human genomes
• Covers how the diverse biological functions of (non-coding RNAs) ncRNAs are controlled

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780128194614
Publisher:	Elsevier Science
Publication date:	11/25/2022
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	234
File size:	16 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

Professor Uchiumi received his Bachelor's degree (Chemistry) from Tokyo University of Science in 1987. In 1993, after obtaining his Ph.D. degree (Molecular Biology) from Tokyo University, he joined Professor S. Tanuma's Laboratory at Tokyo University of Science as an Assistant Professor. He obtained his second Ph.D. (Pharmaceutical Science) from Tokyo University of Science in 1999 and in 2000 was promoted to the position of Lecturer at Tokyo University of Science. Professor Uchiumi then went abroad as a post-doctoral researcher for the United States-Japan Cooperative Cancer Research Program in Professor E. Fanning’s Laboratory at Vanderbilt University, 2000-2001. Professor Uchiumi was promoted to Associate Professor and then Full Professor at Tokyo University of Science in 2010 and 2016, respectively.

Table of Contents

1. Introductory Chapter: DNA replication and transcription

Section I. Biological significances of the bidirectional transcription in eukaryotic cells 2. Mitochondrial function and immune response-regulating factor-encoding gene promoters 3. DNA repair factor-encoding gene promoters 4. Regulation of non-coding RNA promoters 5. Parameters that determine the direction of transcription

Section II. Control of bidirectional promoters and the relevance to human diseases 6. Dysregulation of transcription and human diseases 7. Human proto-oncogene promoters

Section III. In silico and bioinformatic studies in gene expression system 8. Distal transcriptional enhancers and repressors of bidirectional promoters 9. The landscape of the repeated sequences in the human genome 10. Biological roles of loop structures

Section IV. Evolution of transcription system in eukaryotic cells 11. Are transposable elements enemies within? 12. Molecular mechanisms that have made bidirectional gene promoters

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Contributes to the key topic of bi-directional promoters and their role in basic and clinical medicine or pharmaceutical sciences