Becoming Human: The Ontogenesis, Metaphysics, and Expression of Human Emotionality
A novel, wide-ranging, and comprehensive account of how human emotionality develops, proposing a process in which “nature” and “nurture” are integrated.

In Becoming Human, Jennifer Greenwood proposes a novel theory of the development of human emotionality. In doing so, she makes important contributions to the nature-nurture debate in emotion theory and the intracranialist–transcranialist debate in philosophy of mind. Greenwood shows that the distinction between nature and nurture is unfounded; biological and cultural resources are deeply functionally integrated throughout the developmental process. She also shows that human emotional and language development are transcranialist achievements; human ontogenesis takes place in extended cognitive systems that include environmental, technological, and sociocultural resources. Greenwood tells the story of how each of us becomes a full human being: how human brains are constructed and how these brains acquire their contents through massive epigenetic scaffolding.

After an introduction in which she explains the efficiency of the human newborn as a learning machine, Greenwood reviews traditional and contemporary theories of emotion, highlighting both strengths and limitations. She addresses the intracranialist–transcranialist debate, arguing that transcranialists have failed to answer important intracranialist objections; describes the depth of the functional integration of intraneural and external resources in emotional ontogenesis; examines early behavior patterns that provide the basis for the development of language; explains the biosemantic theory of representational content, and the wider cognitive systems that define it; and argues that language production and comprehension are always context dependent. Finally, in light of the deep and complex functional integration of neural, corporeal, and sociocultural resources in human ontogenesis, she recommends a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach for future research.

1121759077
Becoming Human: The Ontogenesis, Metaphysics, and Expression of Human Emotionality
A novel, wide-ranging, and comprehensive account of how human emotionality develops, proposing a process in which “nature” and “nurture” are integrated.

In Becoming Human, Jennifer Greenwood proposes a novel theory of the development of human emotionality. In doing so, she makes important contributions to the nature-nurture debate in emotion theory and the intracranialist–transcranialist debate in philosophy of mind. Greenwood shows that the distinction between nature and nurture is unfounded; biological and cultural resources are deeply functionally integrated throughout the developmental process. She also shows that human emotional and language development are transcranialist achievements; human ontogenesis takes place in extended cognitive systems that include environmental, technological, and sociocultural resources. Greenwood tells the story of how each of us becomes a full human being: how human brains are constructed and how these brains acquire their contents through massive epigenetic scaffolding.

After an introduction in which she explains the efficiency of the human newborn as a learning machine, Greenwood reviews traditional and contemporary theories of emotion, highlighting both strengths and limitations. She addresses the intracranialist–transcranialist debate, arguing that transcranialists have failed to answer important intracranialist objections; describes the depth of the functional integration of intraneural and external resources in emotional ontogenesis; examines early behavior patterns that provide the basis for the development of language; explains the biosemantic theory of representational content, and the wider cognitive systems that define it; and argues that language production and comprehension are always context dependent. Finally, in light of the deep and complex functional integration of neural, corporeal, and sociocultural resources in human ontogenesis, she recommends a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach for future research.

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Becoming Human: The Ontogenesis, Metaphysics, and Expression of Human Emotionality

Becoming Human: The Ontogenesis, Metaphysics, and Expression of Human Emotionality

by Jennifer Greenwood
Becoming Human: The Ontogenesis, Metaphysics, and Expression of Human Emotionality

Becoming Human: The Ontogenesis, Metaphysics, and Expression of Human Emotionality

by Jennifer Greenwood

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Overview

A novel, wide-ranging, and comprehensive account of how human emotionality develops, proposing a process in which “nature” and “nurture” are integrated.

In Becoming Human, Jennifer Greenwood proposes a novel theory of the development of human emotionality. In doing so, she makes important contributions to the nature-nurture debate in emotion theory and the intracranialist–transcranialist debate in philosophy of mind. Greenwood shows that the distinction between nature and nurture is unfounded; biological and cultural resources are deeply functionally integrated throughout the developmental process. She also shows that human emotional and language development are transcranialist achievements; human ontogenesis takes place in extended cognitive systems that include environmental, technological, and sociocultural resources. Greenwood tells the story of how each of us becomes a full human being: how human brains are constructed and how these brains acquire their contents through massive epigenetic scaffolding.

After an introduction in which she explains the efficiency of the human newborn as a learning machine, Greenwood reviews traditional and contemporary theories of emotion, highlighting both strengths and limitations. She addresses the intracranialist–transcranialist debate, arguing that transcranialists have failed to answer important intracranialist objections; describes the depth of the functional integration of intraneural and external resources in emotional ontogenesis; examines early behavior patterns that provide the basis for the development of language; explains the biosemantic theory of representational content, and the wider cognitive systems that define it; and argues that language production and comprehension are always context dependent. Finally, in light of the deep and complex functional integration of neural, corporeal, and sociocultural resources in human ontogenesis, she recommends a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach for future research.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780262329835
Publisher: MIT Press
Publication date: 12/18/2015
Series: Life and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biology and Psychology
Sold by: Penguin Random House Publisher Services
Format: eBook
Pages: 272
File size: 484 KB
Age Range: 18 Years

About the Author

Jennifer Greenwood is Academic Tutor in Philosophy, Education, and Nursing at Emmanuel College, University of Queensland, and Honorary Research Fellow (Philosophy) in the School of History and Philosophical Inquiry, University of Queensland.

Table of Contents

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xv

1 Introduction and Chapter Outlines 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Chapter Outlines 11

2 Theories of Emotion 21

2.1 Introduction 21

2.2 Emotions: Some Rock-Bottom Preliminaries 23

2.3 The Functions of Emotions 27

2.4 Feeling Theories of Emotion 29

2.5 Cognitive Theories of Emotion 31

2.6 The Social Construction of the Emotions 37

2.7 More Recent Theories of Emotion 40

2.8 Scaffolding of Emotional Development 45

2.9 Basic Emotion and Emotion as Natural Kind 48

2.10 Summary 51

3 Metaphysics and Mind 53

3.1 Introduction 53

3.2 Situated Cognition 54

3.3 Embodied, Embedded, and Extended Cognition (CT) 55

3.4 Deep Functional Integration 57

3.5 Individualism and Externalism: A Short, Potted History 59

3.6 Metaphysical Realization 62

3.7 Technological Cognitive Augmentation 70

3.8 Natural Environmental Cognitive Augmentation 72

3.9 Sociocultural Cognitive Augmentation 73

3.10 Particular Intracranialist Challenges 75

3.11 Summary: The Hypothesis of Extended Cognition (HEC) versus the Hypothesis of Embedded Cognition (HEMC) 77

4 Mirror, Mirror … Human Emotional Ontogenesis 81

4.1 Introduction 81

4.2 The Ontogenesis of the Emotions 83

4.3 Conclusion 108

5 Out of the Mouths of Babes and Sucklings 111

5.1 Introduction 111

5.2 Species-Typical Activity Patterns 112

5.3 TurnTaking in Human Development 114

5.4 The Emergence of Joint Attention 116

5.5 Language Acquisition in Neonates and Young Children 120

5.6 The Eyes Have It 128

5.7 Neurochemical Underpinnings of Human Prosociality 130

5.8 Summary 136

6 From Evolution to Emotionese 139

6.1 Introduction 139

6.2 Theories of Function: Rock-Bottom Preliminaries 141

6.3 Millikan's Proper Functions 143

6.4 The Continuing Usefulness Requirement 146

6.5 The Biosemantic Theory of Mental Content 147

6.6 Natural Signs and Intentional Signs 159

6.7 Linguistic Signs 165

6.8 Meaning and Its Acquisition 165

6.9 The Mark of the Cognitive 170

6.10 Summary 175

7 Loose Talk, Tight Worlds 177

7.1 Introduction 177

7.2 Metaphor: Some Rock-Bottom Preliminaries and a Very Brief History 179

7.3 The Code Model of Communication 184

7.4 Relevance Theory: A Brief Introduction 188

7.5 Explicatures and Implicatures 191

7.6 Loose Talk 192

7.7 Cognitive Environment 197

7.8 Metaphor's 3NNTs 199

7.9 Conclusions 199

8 Once More, with Feeling 205

8.1 Introduction 205

8.2 Moral Development 206

8.3 Scaffolding 208

8.4 Scaffolding 1 and Education 209

8.5 Online Activity in the World 210

8.6 Methodological Considerations 211

8.7 Concluding Summary 212

Notes 213

References 217

Index 241

What People are Saying About This

Richard Menary

Jennifer Greenwood's Becoming Human is an original and compelling account of how human emotional and cognitive development is scaffolded by cultural resources. She does this by making a persuasive case for the integration of neural, bodily, and cultural resources during development. This is an important contribution to our understanding of the developmental processes that result in complex, culturally mediated emotions.

Endorsement

Greenwood's book is ambitious in its scope, linking evolutionary and developmental theories of emotion with work in situated cognition and cognitive scaffolding; it contains a great deal of interesting material, is well organized, and presents some truly original insights that are timely in terms of their fit with multiple literatures.

-Daniel M. T. Fessler, Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles

From the Publisher

Jennifer Greenwood's Becoming Human is an original and compelling account of how human emotional and cognitive development is scaffolded by cultural resources. She does this by making a persuasive case for the integration of neural, bodily, and cultural resources during development. This is an important contribution to our understanding of the developmental processes that result in complex, culturally mediated emotions.

Richard Menary, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Macquarie University

Greenwood's book is ambitious in its scope, linking evolutionary and developmental theories of emotion with work in situated cognition and cognitive scaffolding; it contains a great deal of interesting material, is well organized, and presents some truly original insights that are timely in terms of their fit with multiple literatures.

-Daniel M. T. Fessler, Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles

-Daniel M. T. Fessler

Greenwood's book is ambitious in its scope, linking evolutionary and developmental theories of emotion with work in situated cognition and cognitive scaffolding; it contains a great deal of interesting material, is well organized, and presents some truly original insights that are timely in terms of their fit with multiple literatures.

Daniel M. T. Fessler

Greenwood's book is ambitious in its scope, linking evolutionary and developmental theories of emotion with work in situated cognition and cognitive scaffolding; it contains a great deal of interesting material, is well organized, and presents some truly original insights that are timely in terms of their fit with multiple literatures.

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