Battle Studies

by Charles Jean Jacques Joseph Ardant du Picq, Roger J. Spiller (Editor), Roger J. Spiller (Translator)

Overview

A classic of military thought that merits a place alongside the works of Clausewitz and Sun Tzu, Battle Studies was first published in Paris ten years after the death of its author, French army officer Charles Ardant du Picq (1821–1870). Updated to provide a more complete and accurate biographical and historical framework for understanding its meaning and import, this edition—deftly translated, introduced, and annotated by noted military historian Roger Spiller—offers a new generation of readers the benefit of Ardant du Picq’s unique insight into the nature of warfare.

Nothing, Ardant du Picq asserts, can be prescribed wisely in an army “without an exact understanding of its ultimate instrument, man, and his morale at the defining instant of combat.” Accordingly, Battle Studies, the first systematic exploration of human behavior in the extremities of combat, focuses squarely on the tactical realm its author knew so well. Eschewing grand military theories and strategies, Ardant du Picq draws on his real-world experience, especially during the Crimean War and the Siege of Sebastopol where he was captured, to examine what motivates a soldier to fight, what creates cohesion or disorder, what gives a commander tactical control, and what makes reason give way to instinct: in short, “the essence of the science of combat.”

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780700623921
Publisher:	University Press of Kansas
Publication date:	02/24/2017
Series:	Modern War Studies
Pages:	240
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

Roger J. Spiller is the George C. Marshall Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Military History and former director of the Combat Studies Institute at the US Army Command and General Staff College. He is the author of An Instinct for War: Scenes from the Battlefields of History. He has also served as an advisor to Ken Burns on documentary television series on World War II and the Vietnam War.

Spiller, Roger J.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

Foreword

Introduction: Toujours la question essentielle

About This Translation

BATTLE STUDIES

PART ONE: Introduction; Ancient Battle

I. Man in Primitive and Ancient Combat

II. Knowledge of Man Made Roman Tactics, the Successes of Hannibal, and Those of Ceasar

III. Analysis of the Battle of Cannae

IV. Analysis of the Battle of Pharsalus and Some Characteristic Examples

VI. Under What Conditions Real Combatants Are Made, Etc.

VII. The Purpose of This Study and What Would Be Necessary to Complete It.

PART TWO Modern Battle

I. General Considerations

1. Ancient and Modern Combat

2. Moral Elements in Combat

3. Material and Moral Effect

4. The Theory of the Strong Battalions

5. Combat Methods

II Infantry

1. Masses—Deep Columns

2. Skirmishers—Supports—Reserves—Squares

3. Firing

4. Marches—Camps—Night Attacks

III Cavalry

1. Cavalry and Modern Weapons

2. Cavalry against Cavalry

3. Cavalry against Infantry

4. Armor and Armaments

IV Artillery

V. Command, General Staff, and Administration

VI. Social and Military Institutions, National Characteristics

Appendixes

Appendix I Memorandum on Infantry Fire

1. Introduction

2. Succinct History of the Evolution of Firearms, from the Arquebus to Our Rifle

3. Progressive Introduction of Firearms into the Armament of the Infantryman

4. The Classes of Fire Employed with Each Weapon

5. Execution of Fire in the Presence of The Enemy

6. Fire at Will—Its Efficacy

7. Fire by Rank Is a Fire to Occupy Men in the Ranks

8. The Deadly fire Is the Fire by Skirmishers

9. The Absolute Impossibility of Fire at Command

Appendix II Historical Documents

1. Cavalry (Extract from Xenophon)

2. Marius against the Cimbrians (Extract from Plutarch)

3. The Battle of the Alma (Extract from correspondence)

4. The Battle of the Alma (Extract from correspondence)

5. The Battle of Inkerman (Extracts from correspondence)

6. The Battle of Magenta (Extract from correspondence)

7. The Battle of Solferino (Extract from correspondence)

8. Mentana (Extract from correspondence)

Appendix III Record of Military Service of Colonel Ardant du Picq

Campaigns and Wounds

Decorations

Appendix IV “Extract from the History of the 10th Infantry Regiment”

Appendix V A Brother’s Reminiscence

Appendix VI The Circular Letter

Editorial Reviews

"Few military thinkers have been able to grasp the reality of battle like Colonel Charles Ardant du Picq. What mattered to him were the combatants—their moral strength, their sufferings, their fears, and their courage. His Battle Studies, which were widely referenced during the First World War and one hundred years later inspired John Keegan’s pioneering Face of Battle, have long remained inaccessible to Anglophone readers. Surprisingly modern, this path-breaking book will captivate all readers interested in the human experience of combat."— Bruno Cabanes, author of Victory in Mourning: French Soldiers and the Transition to Civilian Life, 1918–1920 "Ardant du Picq’s Battle Studies stands as the first study of human behavior at the sharp end of a modern industrial battlefield. His focus was no less unique: the fear that ultimately shapes performance in combat. Spiller’s introduction, brilliantly contextualizing du Picq’s pioneering insight, combines with his polished translation and annotations to make this the definitive English version of a seminal analysis of men in war."—Dennis Showalter, author of The Wars of German Unification and founding editor of War in History "Colonel Ardant du Picq served in a French army still regarded as the world’s best. Decorated for valor in the Crimean War, killed in the Franco-Prussian War, he never lived to see its eclipse. His posthumous Battle Studies is a classic for two reasons: it sheds important light on the brutal dilemmas of the nineteenth-century European army, and it anticipates timeless questions of leadership, discipline, morale, and motivation that animate armies today as powerfully as they did in 1870. Fear, Ardant du Picq asserted, is every unit’s chief enemy, and the duty of officers (and good troops) is to slow its progress through the ranks while finding creative ways to win. Spiller has rescued this unique inquiry from obscurity and caricature. Ardant du Picq never said the things so often attributed to him—that troops must attack under all circumstances, that morale trumps firepower—rather he groped for the right mix of tactics and attitudes to move all arms forward in the face of withering fire."—Geoffrey Wawro, author of The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870–1871 "Ardant du Picq’s most important insight was that military discipline operates horizontally as well as vertically. That is to say, a soldier’s comrades matter at least as much as their commanders in determining their behavior on the battlefield. Thanks to Spiller’s admirable translation and a fine analytical introduction to the life, career, and influence of Ardant du Picq, Battle Studies can now enjoy the position it assuredly deserves in the English-speaking world. Scholars in military studies, military history, war and society, and European history, just to name a few fields, will find this book invaluable."—Leonard V. Smith, author of The Embattled Self: French Soldiers’ Testimony of the Great War "Spiller’s fine translation of Ardant du Picq’s classic is a book that should be read by every American soldier. Du Picq explains why soldiers act they way they do in battle and why soldiers are not simply ‘users’ of technology. Only S.L.A. Marshall can rival his explanation of the dynamics of combat and their effect on human beings."— Robert A. Doughty, author of Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War


"Ardant du Picq’s most important insight was that military discipline operates horizontally as well as vertically. That is to say, a soldier’s comrades matter at least as much as their commanders in determining their behavior on the battlefield. Thanks to Spiller’s admirable translation and a fine analytical introduction to the life, career, and influence of Ardant du Picq, Battle Studies can now enjoy the position it assuredly deserves in the English-speaking world. Scholars in military studies, military history, war and society, and European history, just to name a few fields, will find this book invaluable."—Leonard V. Smith, author of The Embattled Self: French Soldiers’ Testimony of the Great War


"Ardant du Picq’s Battle Studies stands as the first study of human behavior at the sharp end of a modern industrial battlefield. His focus was no less unique: the fear that ultimately shapes performance in combat. Spiller’s introduction, brilliantly contextualizing du Picq’s pioneering insight, combines with his polished translation and annotations to make this the definitive English version of a seminal analysis of men in war."—Dennis Showalter, author of The Wars of German Unification and founding editor of War in History


"Spiller’s fine translation of Ardant du Picq’s classic is a book that should be read by every American soldier. Du Picq explains why soldiers act they way they do in battle and why soldiers are not simply ‘users’ of technology. Only S.L.A. Marshall can rival his explanation of the dynamics of combat and their effect on human beings."—

Robert A. Doughty, author of Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War


"Colonel Ardant du Picq served in a French army still regarded as the world’s best. Decorated for valor in the Crimean War, killed in the Franco-Prussian War, he never lived to see its eclipse. His posthumous Battle Studies is a classic for two reasons: it sheds important light on the brutal dilemmas of the nineteenth-century European army, and it anticipates timeless questions of leadership, discipline, morale, and motivation that animate armies today as powerfully as they did in 1870. Fear, Ardant du Picq asserted, is every unit’s chief enemy, and the duty of officers (and good troops) is to slow its progress through the ranks while finding creative ways to win. Spiller has rescued this unique inquiry from obscurity and caricature. Ardant du Picq never said the things so often attributed to him—that troops must attack under all circumstances, that morale trumps firepower—rather he groped for the right mix of tactics and attitudes to move all arms forward in the face of withering fire."—Geoffrey Wawro, author of The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870–1871

From the Publisher