Table of Contents
1 Introduction
2 Radiation and Atoms
2.1 Width and Shape of Spectral Lines
2.1.1 Lifetime Broadening
2.1.2 Collision or Pressure Broadening
2.1.3 Doppler Broadening
2.2 Atomic Orders of Magnitude
2.2.1 Other important Atomic quantities
2.3 The Central Field Approximation
2.4 The form of the Central Field
2.5 Finding the Central Field
3 The Central Field Approximation
3.1 The Physics of the Wave Functions
3.1.1 Energy
3.1.2 Angular Momentum
3.1.3 Radial wavefunctions
3.1.4 Parity
3.2 Multi-electron atoms
3.2.1 Electron Con
gurations
3.2.2 The Periodic Table
3.3 Gross Energy Level Structure of the Alkalis: Quantum Defect
4 Corrections to the Central Field: Spin-Orbit interaction
4.1 The Physics of Spin-Orbit Interaction
4.2 Finding the Spin-Orbit Correction to the Energy
4.2.1 The B-Field due to Orbital Motion
4.2.2 The Energy Operator
4.2.3 The Radial Integral
4.2.4 The Angular Integral: Degenerate Perturbation Theory
4.2.5 Degenerate Perturbation theory and the Vector Model
4.2.6 Evaluation of (D s ^lEusing DPT and the Vector Model
4.3 Spin Orbit Interaction: Summary
4.4 Spin-Orbit Splitting: Alkali Atoms
4.5 Spectroscopic Notation
5 Two-electron Atoms: Residual Electrostatic Effects and LS-Coupling
5.1 Magnesium: Gross Structure
5.2 The Electrostatic Perturbation
5.3 Symmetry
5.4 Orbital effects on electrostatic interaction in LS-coupling
5.5 Spin-Orbit Effects in 2-electron Atoms
6 Nuclear Effects on Atomic Structure
6.1 Hyperfi
ne Structure
6.2 The Magnetic Field of Electrons
6.3 Coupling of I and J
6.4 Finding the Nuclear Spin, I
6.5 Isotope Effects
7 Selection Rules
7.1 Parity
7.2 Con
guration
7.3 Angular Momentum Rules
8 Atoms in Magnetic Fields
8.1 Weak
eld, no spin
8.2 Weak Field with Spin and Orbit
8.2.1 Anomalous Zeeman Pattern
8.2.2 Polarization of the radiation
8.3 Strong fi
elds, spin and orbit
8.4 Intermediate fi
elds
8.5 Magnetic
eld effects on hyperfi
ne structure
8.5.1 Weak field
8.5.2 Strong
eld 9 X-Rays: transitions involving inner shell electrons
9.1 X-ray Spectra
9.2 X-ray series
9.3 Fine structure of X-ray spectra
9.4 X-ray absorption
9.5 Auger Effect
10 High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy
10.1 Absorption Spectroscopy
10.2 Laser Spectroscopy
10.3 Spectral resolution
10.4 \Doppler Free" spectroscopy
10.4.1 Crossed beam spectroscopy
10.4.2 Saturation Spectroscopy
10.4.3 Two-photon-spectroscopy
10.5 Calibration of Doppler-free Spectra
10.6
Comparison of \Doppler-free" Methods
