Table of Contents
Dedication ix
1 All About the ASVAB and AFQT 1
How to Use This Book 1
Extra Ways This Book Will Help You Study 2
What Is the ASVAB? 2
ASVAB Versions and Composition 3
ASVAB Scoring, Format, and the AFQT 6
Other Subtest Scores and Why They're Important 8
Military Specialties by Service 9
2 How to Achieve Your Best ASVAB and AFQT Scores 23
Preparing for Your Championship Game 24
Tips and Techniques for Answering Multiple-Choice Questions 26
Chart Your Progress 28
Study Guide 29
On the Day of the Test 30
Paper vs. Computer-Administered Tests 31
3 Diagnostic Test 37
Answer Key 70
Answers Explained 72
4 General Science Review 93
Introduction 93
The Scientific Method 93
Life Science 95
Basic Concepts in Biology 95
Life Functions 95
The Basic Unit of Life: The Cell 96
Plant Life 99
Animal Life 99
Classification 100
A Special Type of Animal: Humans 101
Nutrition 102
Diseases 104
Genetics 105
Ecology 105
Earth Science 110
Geology 110
Oceanography 115
Astronomy 117
Meteorology 121
Chemistry 125
Matter 125
Energy 127
Symbols and Equations in Chemistry 128
Measurements in Chemistry 133
Atoms and Molecules 137
States of Matter 139
Chemical Reactions 142
Key Elements and Their Families 143
Metals 144
Carbon and Organic Chemistry 145
Physics 147
Measuring Force 147
Speed and Velocity 148
Newton's Laws 149
Work 150
Energy 151
Simple Machines 151
Fluid Pressure and the Atmosphere 154
Heat Energy 155
Energy Sources 158
Wave Motion and Sound 158
Electricity 162
Magnets 163
Chemical Energy 163
5 Mathematics Review 167
Laws and Operations 167
Use of Parentheses: Order of Operations 168
Rounding Off Numbers 168
Prime and Composite Numbers 169
Reciprocals 169
Series and Sequences 170
Fractions 170
Using Arithmetic Operations with Fractions 170
Decimals 175
Decimal Fractions 175
Multiplying Decimals by Powers of 10 176
Dividing Decimals by Powers of 10 176
Adding and Subtracting Decimals 177
Multiplying Decimals 177
Dividing Decimals 177
Rounding Off Decimals 178
Percentages 178
Changing a Percentage to a Decimal 178
Changing a Decimal to a Percentage 179
Arithmetic Problems Using Percentages 179
Calculating interest 180
Square Roots 181
Finding the Square Root of a Number 181
Algebra 181
Arithmetic Operations in Algebra 182
Equations 182
Algebraic Expressions 184
Factoring in Algebra 186
Solving Quadratic Equations 188
Inequalities 188
Geometry 190
Angles 190
Protractor 191
Lines 192
Polygons 193
Perimeter and Area 198
Circles 199
Volume 200
6 Word Knowledge and Paragraph Comprehension Review 203
How to Build Your Vocabulary 203
Why a Good Vocabulary Is Important 203
How to Add a Word to Your Vocabulary 204
Study the Parts of a Word 206
Learn the Synonyms and Antonyms of Words 212
Learn Homonyms 213
Learn to Associate Words by Topic or Idea 213
Learn to Use These Abbreviations Correctly 214
Learn Action and Descriptive Words 214
A Basic Adult Word Vocabulary 215
Useful Nouns 215
Useful Verbs 223
Useful Adjectives 228
Paragraph Comprehension 238
Finding the Main Idea 238
Finding Details 239
Making Inferences 240
Understanding the Organization of the Material 240
Drawing a Conclusion 242
7 Electronics Information Review 243
Atomic Structure and Electricity 243
Electricity 244
Electric Energy 244
Magnetism and Electricity 245
Electric Current 245
Conductors 248
Wire Gauge 248
Stranded Wire 249
Insulators 249
Semiconductors (Part I) 249
Power 252
Resistance 252
Resistors 253
Conductance 255
Ohm's Law 255
Circuits 259
Series Circuits 260
Parallel Circuits 260
Series-Parallel Circuits 261
Open Circuits 261
Short Circuits 261
Fuses 262
Inductance 262
Alternating Current 267
AC Generator 268
Transformers 270
Power Transformers 271
Inductive Reactance 271
Capacitors 272
Capacity of a Capacitor 272
Measuring Capacitance 273
Capacitive Reactance 273
Changing Alternating Current to Direct Current 273
Metallic Rectifiers 276
Solid State Rectifiers 276
Filters 277
Voltage Multipliers 277
Semiconductors (Part II) 278
Semiconductor Diodes 278
The Point Contact Diode 279
Tunnel Diodes 279
The Silicon-Controlled Rectifier 280
Transistors 280
Integrated Circuits 281
Batteries 282
A Primary Cell-The Dry Cell 284
Secondary Cells 286
Electric Motors 287
DC Motors 287
AC Motors 287
Electric Meters 288
Ammeters 288
Voltmeters 288
Ohmmeters 289
Watt-Hour Meters 289
Digital Multimeters 289
Clamp-on Meters 290
Transducers 290
Solder and Soldering 291
Contact Soldering 291
8 Automotive Information Review 295
The Engine 295
Engine Ignition 299
Carburetors and Fuel Pumps 300
Fuel Injection Systems 300
Fuel Pumps and Regulators 301
Electronic Control Unit 302
Cooling the Engine 302
Lubricating the Engine 303
Starting the Engine 303
Controlling Engine Emissions 303
Axles and Wheels 307
The Braking System 308
Shafts and Universal Joints 309
The Drive System 311
Manual Transmissions 313
Planetary Gears 315
Automatic Transmissions 316
Front-Wheel Drive 318
The Rear Axle (Rear-Wheel Drive) 319
Four-Wheel and Six-Wheel Drive 320
Lights 321
9 Shop Information Review 325
Tools 325
Measuring and Layout Tools 325
Cutting and Shaping Tools 328
Boring and Drilling Tools 331
Fasteners and Fastening Tools 332
Pliers and Wrenches 336
Digging Tools 337
Grinding and Sanding Tools 338
Specialized Tools 339
Materials 340
Concrete 340
Wood 343
Metal 344
Glass 347
Plastics 348
Glues and Adhesives 348
Design and Layout 349
Blueprints 349
Layout 349
Patterns and Templates 350
10 Mechanical Comprehension Review 353
Force 353
Kinds of Force 354
Action and Reaction 358
Balanced Forces 359
Components of Force 360
The Inclined Plane 360
Simple Machines 364
The Pulley Principle 364
The Work Principle 366
Levers 367
Hydraulic Jack 369
Loading Ramp 370
Vise 370
Machines That Spin 370
Power 371
11 Assembling Objects 377
Overview 377
Jigsaw Puzzle-Piece Assembly Problems 378
Line-Connector Assembly Problems 379
12 Practice Exam One 389
Answer Key 424
Answers Explained 426
13 Practice Exam Two 447
Answer Key 481
Answers Explained 483
14 AFQT Focus Exam 507
Answer Key 525
Answers Explained 526
Abbreviations and Acronyms 539
Bibliography 541
Index 545
