Table of Contents
Foreword Candida Moss xv
Acknowledgments xix
Abbreviations xxi
1 Introduction 1
Medical Anthropology 1
Health 3
Disease and Illness 4
Explanatory Model of Illness or Cultural Concepts 4
Healers 6
Patients 8
Overview of Chapters 8
Mesopotamia 9
Egypt 9
Canaan 9
Hittites 10
Classical Greece 10
Hellenism and Hellenistic Medicine: A Brief Introduction 11
Ptolemaic Egypt 11
Etruscans and Rome 11
Second Temple and Early Rabbinic Judaism 12
Persia 13
Absence of Christianity 13
2 Mesopotamian Medicine 15
Location and History 15
Religion and Culture 16
Cosmology 16
Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses of Disease and Healing 19
Sources 22
Texts 22
Archaeology 32
Cultural Concepts 34
Anatomy and Physiology 34
Disease Etiology 42
Restoration of Health 44
Illnesses 48
Disease 48
Trauma 49
Disability 50
Conditional States 51
Healers 53
Asu 54
Asipu 55
3 Egyptian Medicine 57
Location and History 57
Religion and Culture 59
Cosmology 59
Egyptian Gods and Goddesses of Disease and Healing 61
Sources 66
Texts 66
Archaeology 73
Cultural Concepts 76
Anatomy and Physiology 77
Disease Etiology 82
Restoration of Health 83
Illness 87
Disease 87
Trauma 88
Disability 88
Conditional States 89
Healers 90
Swnw 91
Wab Priest 92
Sau 93
4 Canaanite Medicine 95
Location and History 95
Religion and Culture 101
Cosmology 101
Canaanite Gods and Goddesses of Disease and Healing 108
Sources 113
Texts 114
Archaeology 119
Cultural Concepts 123
Anatomy and Physiology 124
Disease Etiology 128
Restoration of Health 130
Illness 136
Disease 137
Trauma 139
Disability 139
Conditional States 141
Healers 142
Priests 143
Prophets 144
5 Hittite Medicine 145
Location and History 145
Religion and Culture 147
Cosmology 148
Hittite Gods and Goddesses of Disease and Healing 152
Sources 154
Texts 154
Archaeology 156
Cultural Concepts 157
Anatomy and Physiology 157
Disease Etiology 160
Restoration of Health 162
Illness 164
Disease 164
Disability 165
Conditional States 166
Healers 167
6 Classical Greek Medicine 170
Location and History 170
Religion and Culture 171
Cosmology 173
Greek Gods and Goddesses of Disease and Healing 175
Philosophy 179
Sources 182
Texts 182
Archaeology 193
Cultural Concepts 196
Anatomy and Physiology 196
Disease Etiology 206
Restoration of Health 208
Illness 214
Disease 214
Trauma 216
Disability 217
Conditional States 218
Healers 220
7 Hellenism and Hellenistic Medicine: A Brief Introduction 221
Religion and Culture 222
Philosophy 224
Influential Figures and Texts 228
A New Culture of Medicine 231
8 Ptolemaic Egyptian Medicine 233
Location and History 233
Religion and Culture 234
Cosmology 236
Ptolemaic Gods and Goddesses of Disease and Healing 237
Sources 240
Texts 240
Archaeology 246
Cultural Concepts 251
Anatomy and Physiology 251
Disease Etiology 256
Restoration of Health 259
Illness 263
Disease 263
Trauma 264
Disability 265
Conditional States 265
Healers 267
9 Etruscan and Roman Medicine 270
Location and History 270
Religion and Culture 271
Cosmology 272
Etruscan Gods and Goddesses of Disease and Healing 275
Philosophy 279
Sources 280
Texts 281
Archaeology 286
Cultural Concepts 289
Anatomy and Physiology 290
Disease Etiology 298
Restoration of Health 300
Illness 306
Disease 306
Trauma 308
Disability 309
Conditional States 314
Healers 316
10 Second Temple and Early Rabbinic Medicine 323
Location and History 323
Religion and Culture 325
Cosmology 325
Sources 329
Texts 329
Archaeology 335
Cultural Concepts 335
Anatomy and Physiology 335
Disease Etiology 342
Restoration of Health 343
Illness 349
Disease 349
Trauma 350
Disability 350
Conditional States 351
Healers 352
11 Persian Medicine 356
Location and History 356
Religion and Culture 357
Cosmology 359
Persian Gods and Goddesses of Disease and Healing 361
Sources 363
Texts 364
Archaeology 365
Cultural Concepts 366
Anatomy and Physiology 366
Disease Etiology 367
Restoration of Health 369
Illness 372
Disease 373
Trauma 373
Disability 374
Conditional States 374
Healers 375
Bibliography 377
Index of Authors 399
Index of Subjects 401
Index of Scripture and Other Ancient Texts 429
