Table of Contents
List Of Illustrations ix
Introduction xiii
1 The Anatomy of Breathing 1
The Spine and Rib Cage 3
Joints of the Ribs 4
Action of the Ribs 6
Intercostal Muscles 7
The Diaphragm 10
Action of the Diaphragm 12
Diaphragm and Abdominal Cavity 13
The Abdominal Muscles 14
Auxiliary Muscles of Breathing 16
Extensor and Flexor Support of the Trunk 17
The Lungs and Trachea 22
Lung Capacity 24
2 The Larynx 25
Basic Structure of the Larynx 26
The Framework of the Larynx 27
The Epiglottis 28
Cricoarytenoid Joint 28
Cricothyroid Joint 29
Conus Elasticus 30
The Interior of the Larynx 30
Muscles of the Epiglottis 32
The Structure of the Vocal Folds 34
Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx 34
Actions of the Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx 37
Cricothyroid and Thyroarytenoid Antagonism 42
Action of the Larynx Muscles in Chest Register 43
Action of the Larynx Muscles in Falsetto Register 44
Action of the Larynx Muscles in Head Register 45
3 The Extrinsic Muscles Of The Larynx 47
The Suspensory Muscles of the Larynx 48
Action of the Suspensory Muscles during Singing 51
Supported Falsetto 53
Head Voice 53
The Hyoid Apparatus 54
Sidebar: The Hyoid Bone 55
Muscles of the Hyoid Bone and Taw 56
4 The Mouth and Pharynx 59
Muscles of the Mouth and Throat 61
The Function of the Palate 63
The Muscles of the Palate 64
Sidebar: The Action of Swallowing (Deglutition) 66
The Arched Palate 66
The Tongue and Its Function 68
Position of the Tongue in Singing 69
The Low Larynx and Widened Pharynx 71
5 The Face and Jaw 73
The Mask 74
The Nostrils and Nasal Cavity 75
Muscles of the Nostrils 76
The Eyes and Forehead 78
The Cheeks 80
The Jaw and Temporomandibular Joint 82
Position of the Jaw in Singing 83
Muscles of the Jaw 84
6 The Evolution and Function Of The Larynx 87
The Origin of the Larynx 87
Evolution of the Cartilages and Muscles of the Larynx 88
Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx and Deglutition 88
The Palate, Epiglottis, and Nasal Passages 90
Design of the Vocal Folds 92
The Pharynx, Upright Posture, and Human Speech 94
Epilogue 97
Index 99
About The Author 103