Table of Contents
About the Authors ix
Dedications x
Introduction xi
How to Use This Book xi
Coloring Tools and Techniques xii
Welcome 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 2
Anatomical Position and Terms of Direction 2
Anatomical Planes of the Body 4
Hierarchy of the Body 6
Regions of the Abdomen 8
Organ Systems 10
Body Regions (Anterior) 16
Body Regions (Posterior) 18
Body Cavities 20
Chapter 2 Cells, Tissues, and Integument 22
Overview of Cell and Plasma Membrane 22
Simple Epithelia 24
Stratified Epithelia 26
Glands 28
Connective Tissue 30
Muscle and Nervous Tissue 38
Integumentary System 40
Hair and Hails 42
Chapter 3 Skeletal System 44
Overview of the Skeletal System 44
Frontal Aspect of the Skull 44
Lateral View of the Skull 46
Skull-Top and Bottom Views 48
Midsagittal Section of the Skull 50
Sphenoid, Temporal, and Ethmoid Bones 52
Vertebral Column 54
Atlas 56
Axis 56
Atlas and Axis 56
Hyoid 56
Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Vertebrae 58
Sacrum and Coccyx 60
Sternum and Ribs 62
Appendicular Skeleton-Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb 64
Scapula 66
Clavicle 68
Humerus 70
Forearm Bones 72
Hand Bones 74
Hip 76
Lower Limb-Femur and Patella 80
Tibia and Fibula 82
Left Foot 84
Chapter 4 Articulations 86
Classifications of Articulations 86
Fibrous Joints 86
Cartilaginous Joints 88
Synovial Joint, Tendon Sheath, and Bursa 90
Modified Synovial Structures-Bursae and Tendon Sheaths 90
Specific Synovial Joints 92
Specific Joints-Temporomandibular Joint 96
Specific Joints-Humeroscapular and Acetabulofemoral Joints 98
Specific Joints-Tibiofemoral Joint 100
Movement at Joints 102
Chapter 5 Muscular System 104
Overview of the Muscular System 104
Anterior Muscles of the Body 104
Posterior Muscles of the Body 106
Special Flashcard Section-Muscles of the Human Body 108
Origin, Insertion, Action 108
Muscle Names 108
Muscle Groups 109
Tips for Using the Flashcards 109
Chapter 6 Nervous System 110
Overview of the Nervous System 110
Neuron 112
Neuroglia 114
Neuron Shapes and Synapses 116
Neural Development 118
Lateral Aspect of the Brain 120
Superior Aspect of the Brain 122
Inferior Aspect of the Brain 124
Midsagittal Section of the Brain 126
Coronal Section of the Brain 128
Limbic System 130
Functional Areas of the Cerebrum 132
Ventricles 134
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathway 136
Spinal Cord 138
Cranial Nerves 140
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 142
Plexuses and Thoracic Nerves 144
Nerves of Cervical Plexus 146
Nerves of Brachial Plexus 148
Nerves of Lumbar Plexus 150
Nerves of Sacral Plexus 152
Dermatomes 154
Autonomic Nervous System-Sympathetic Division 156
Autonomic Nervous System-Parasympathetic Division 158
Chapter 7 Sense Organs 160
Skin Receptors 160
Tongue 162
Nose 164
Anterior Surface of the Eye and Lacrimal Apparatus 166
Muscles of the Eye 168
Median Section of the Eye 170
Posterior View of the Eye 172
Overview of the Ear 174
Middle Ear 176
Inner Ear 176
Labyrinths of the Inner Ear 178
Cross Section of Cochlea 180
Chapter 8 Endocrine System 182
Overview of the Endocrine System 182
Organs of the Head 184
Hormones Secreted by the Pituitary and Their Target Organs 186
Thyroid Gland 188
Parathyroid Glands 190
Pancreas 192
Adrenal Glands 194
Gonads 196
Chapter 9 Cardiovascular System 198
Overview of the Cardiovascular System 198
Circulation 200
Blood 202
Anterior Surface View of the Heart 204
Posterior Surface of the Heart 206
Coronal Section of the Heart 208
Superior Aspect of the Heart 210
ECG-Conduction Pathway 210
Vessels Overview 212
Arteries Overview 214
Head and Aortic Arteries 216
Brain Arteries 218
Upper Limb Arteries 220
Lower Limb Arteries 222
Abdominal/Thoracic Arteries 224
Arteries of the Digestive System 226
Male and Female Pelvic Arteries 228
Veins 230
Head and Neck Veins 232
Upper Limb Veins 234
Lower Limb Veins 236
Hepatic Portal Veins and Trunk Veins 238
Fetal Circulation 240
Chapter 10 Lymph System 242
Overview of the Lymph System 242
Return Drainage 244
Tonsils 246
Spleen 248
Lymph Nodes 250
Lacteals 252
Two Types of Immunity 254
Chapter 11 Respiratory System 256
Overview of the Respiratory System 256
Larynx, Trachea, and Lungs Overview 258
Nose and Nasal Septum 260
Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity and Respiratory Epithelium 262
Coronal View of the Nasal Conchae and Larynx 264
Larynx and Trachea 266
Trachea and Bronchial Tree 268
Lungs and Membranes 270
Pathway of Air 272
Chapter 12 Digestive System 274
Overview of the Digestive System 274
Mouth and Oral Cavity 276
Salivary Glands 278
Teeth 280
Esophagus 282
Stomach 284
Small Intestine and Associated Organs 286
Large Intestine 288
Liver 290
Pancreas and Gallbladder 292
Chapter 13 Urinary System 294
Overview of the Urinary System 294
Kidney 296
Urinary Bladder 298
Nephron 300
Chapter 14 Male Reproductive System 302
Overview of the Male Reproductive System 302
Organs of the Male Reproductive System 304
Midsagittal Section of Male Pelvis 306
Cross Section of Penis and Seminiferous Tubules 306
Chapter 15 Female Reproductive System 308
Overview of the Female Reproductive System 308
Midsagittal Section of Female Pelvis 310
Ovary 312
Section of Uterus and Vagina 314
Female Breast and External Genitalia 316
Chapter 16 Development 318
Pre-Embryonic Stage 318
Embryonic Stage 320
Fetal Stage 322
Index 325