Anabolic Therapy in Modern Medicine

by William N. Taylor

Overview

Anabolic therapies have been found to be useful in the treatment of numerous diseases and conditions and their medical uses continue to expand. This work is a technical and comprehensive study of anabolic therapy, covering a wide range of diseases and conditions. Beginning with a description of anabolic agents and their historical medicinal use, the author provides a rationale for the use of anabolics in treating sarcopenia, CST–induced and postmenopausal osteoporosis, hormone replacement therapy in women, osteoporosis and andropause in men; the autoimmune diseases ALS, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, MS, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s Syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis; stroke treatment and rehabilitation, Type II diabetes in men, and AIDS. Also provided is rationale for the use of anabolic therapies in addition to cancer therapy in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, spinal cord injuries and other conditions with secondary hypogonadism, dementia, Alzheimer’s, depression, and other CNS conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, major burns, wound healing, and the use of anabolic therapies in addition to TPN and nutrition in microgravity, prolonged immobilization, and space travel conditions, chronic anemias, and related conditions.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780786484447
Publisher:	McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers
Publication date:	02/15/2002
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	351
File size:	4 MB

About the Author

The late William N. Taylor, M.D., wrote widely on aspects of sports, health and medicine. He lived in Pensacola, Florida.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents Preface 1 PART I: Androgens: Synthesis and Scope of Chemical Potentials 1: Introduction: Anabolic Therapy and the Body’s Catabolic Responses to Ill-Health Conditions 5 2: Historical Use of Anabolic Agents in Medicine 9 Introduction: Defining the Breadth of Anabolic Agents 9 Defining the Scope of Patients Who Require Anabolic Therapies 10 Summary: Anabolic Therapy Is the Future of Medicine 11 PART 2: Anabolic Therapy for Sarcopenia, Osteoporosis, and Hormone Replacement Therapy 3: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Sarcopenia and Frailty Conditions 15 Introduction: Sarcopenia: The Condition of the 21st Century 15 The Need to Reeducate Health Care Providers 16 Hypoandrogenemia and Hyposomatomedinemia in Sarcopenia 17 Androgen and Other Anabolic Therapies for Sarcopenia 18 Androgen Therapy for Sarcopenic States Associated with Chronic Illnesses 22 Additional Health Benefits of Androgen Therapy in Sarcopenic States 22 Summary 23 4: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis 32 Introduction: Iatrogenic Bone Disease 32 Hypoandrogenemia and Hyposomatomedinemia in CST-Induced Osteoporosis 33 REDUCED BONE FORMATION 34 INCREASED BONE RESORPTION 38 ALTERED CALCIUM METABOLISM 38 ALTERED BONE ARCHITECTURE 39 Studies with Anabolic Therapy for CST-Induced Osteoporosis 39 Summary 42 5: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Hormone Replacement Therapy in Women 51 Introduction: Postmenopausal Androgen Deficiency and Underutilization of Androgen Therapy 51 Androgen Deficiency Links Many Diseases in Postmenopausal Women 53 Barriers for Adequate Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 55 Androgen Therapy Mimics Ovarian Function 56 Androgen Therapy Reverses BMD Deficits in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 57 Historical Highlights Regarding the Clinical Use of Androgen Therapy in Women 58 Androgens Directly and Indirectly Stimulate Normal Bone Formation 62 Androgen Therapy Corrects Hypoandrogenemia and Hyposomatomedinemia 63 Androgen Therapy Improves Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms, Elevates Mood, Increases Libido, Improves Quality of Life, and Modulates Anabolic Cytokines 64 Impact of Estrogen-Androgen HRT on Lipids and Thromboemobolic Event Risks 67 Summary 68 6: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy for Osteoporosis and Andropause in Men 88 Introduction: Andropause Contributes to Osteoporosis and Other Diseases in Men 88 Redefining Andropause in Men 90 Historical Highlights of Androgen Therapy for Andropause in Men 90 Androgens Directly and Indirectly Stimulate Normal Bone Formation 92 Androgen Therapy Corrects Hypoandrogenemia and Hyposomatomedinemia 93 Hypoandrogenemia, Androgen Therapy, and Risk for Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 94 Hypoandrogenemia, Androgen Therapy, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors 97 Androgen Therapy and Its Neurosteroid, Neuroprotective, and Neuroimmune Benefits 99 Summary 100 PART 3: Anabolic Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases 7: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases 119 Introduction: Abnormal Sex Steroid Profiles? 119 Gender Dimorphism in Autoimmune Diseases 120 Androgens Are Immunomodulating Agents 122 Androgens Are Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Agents 125 Androgens Are Potent Neurosteroids 127 Androgens Are Anabolic Agents 129 Androgens Are Osteoblast Stimulators 130 Summary 130 8: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 145 Introduction: Anabolic and Neurotrophin Factor Deficiency? 145 Anabolic Therapy for ALS 147 Summary and Remarks 147 9: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 150 Introduction: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Neurosteroid Deficiency? 150 Hypoandrogenemia and CFS 150 Studies with Anabolic Therapy in CFS 151 Summary 151 10: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis 155 Introduction: A Major Loss of Anabolic Potentials to Counteract Severe Catabolism 155 Hypoandrogenemia and Hyposomatomedinemia in MS 156 Anabolic Therapy for MS Patients in Rehabilitation 157 Summary 158 11: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis 164 Introduction: Androgens, the Missing Hormones in RA 164 Mechanisms of Hypoandrogenemia in RA 165 Androgen Therapy in RA and for RA-Related Sequelae 167 Summary 168 12: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Sjogren’s Syndrome 175 Introduction: Hypoandrogenemia Associated with Sjogren’s Syndrome 175 Pathologic Mechanisms and Hypoandrogenemia in SS 176 Studies with Androgen Therapy in SS 177 Summary 177 13: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 183 Introduction: Sex Hormones and SLE 183 Androgen Deficiency and SLE 184 Studies with Androgen Therapy in SLE 185 Androgen Therapy and Cytokine Profiles in SLE 186 Summary 187 14: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Systemic Sclerosis 193 Introduction: Scleroderma and Androgen Deficiency 193 Studies with Androgen Therapy for SSc 194 Summary 194 PART 4: Anabolic Therapy for Other Catabolic Diseases and Conditions 15: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in AIDS and HIV Infection 201 Introduction: Hypoandrogenemia and AIDS Wasting 201 Studies of Anabolic Therapy for HIV-Infected Patients 202 Summary 203 16: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Burns and Major Thermal Injuries 208 Introduction: A Prolonged Major Catabolic Condition 208 Hypoandrogenemia and Hyposomatomedinemia in Major Burns 208 Complications and Sequelae of Thermal Injury-Induced Hypoandrogenemia and Hyposomatomedinemia 209 Studies of Anabolic Therapy for Major Thermal Injuries 209 Summary 210 17: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Cancer Patients 217 Introduction: The Anorexia/Cachexia Syndrome: Description and Pharmacologic Management 217 Hypoandrogenemia and Hyposomatomedinemia in Cancer Patients 218 Studies with Androgen Therapy for Cancer Patients 219 Summary 219 18: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiac Rehabilitation 224 Introduction: Hypoandrogenemia Is a Multifacted Risk Factor for Heart Disease 224 Hypoandrogenemia Promotes Cardiovascular Disease 225 Incidence of Hypoandrogenemia and CHD in Men 226 Hypoandrogenemia Contributes to Hyposomatomedinemia and Heart Disease 227 Androgens Are Beneficial Cardiovascular Agents 228 Summary 229 19: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 235 Introduction: A Major Catabolic Condition 235 Hypoandrogenemia in COPD Patients 235 Studies with Anabolic Therapy in COPD 236 Summary 237 20: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Stroke Treatment and Rehabilitation 241 Introduction: A Lack of Clinical Use of Anabolic Agents for Stroke Patients 241 Androgen Deficiency and Low Anabolic Stimuli in Stroke Patients 243 Androgen Deficiency, Atherogenesis, Fibrinolysis, and Thromboembolic Events 244 Androgens Are Neuroprotective Neurosteroids and Neuroendocrine Modulators of the Cytokine System 245 Conclusion: Androgens Play a Key Role in the Entire Constellation of Stroke Pathogenesis, Recovery, and Rehabilitation 246 Recommendations for Anabolic Therapy 250 21: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Type II Diabetes in Men: Medical Management and Rehabilitation 261 Introduction: Gender Dimorphism in Type II Diabetes 261 Hypoandrogenemia in Men with Type II Diabetes 263 Hypoandrogenemia Induces Hyposomatomedinemia in Men with Type II Diabetes 265 Consequences of Hypoandrogenemia and Hyposomatomedinemia in Men with Type II Diabetes 266 Available Studies of Androgen Therapy for Type II Diabetes in Men 267 Recommendations for Anabolic Therapy in Men with Type II Diabetes 267 22: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Chronic Renal Failure 274 Introduction: Uremic Hypoandrogenemia and Its Dramatic Clinical and Financial Impacts 274 Hypoandrogenemia in Patients with CRF 275 Hypoandrogenemia-Related Diseases and Conditions in Patients with CRF 276 Studies with Anabolic Therapy in CRF 277 Summary 278 23: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Muscular Dystrophy and Other Primary Myopathies 283 Introduction: Many Myopathies Are Associated with Hypoandrogenemia 283 Anabolic Therapy for Myopathies 284 Summary 285 24: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury 289 Introduction: Spinal Cord Injury Creates Catabolic Endocrine Abnormalities 289 Studies with Anabolic Therapy in SCI 290 Summary 291 25: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognition Deficits 294 Introduction: Reduced Anabolic Potentials A›ect Cognition 294 Studies with Anabolic Agents in Cognitive Dysfunction and AD 295 Summary 296 26: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Osteoarthritis 300 Introduction: Reduced Anabolic Processes Result in Joint Destruction 300 Systemic and Local Anabolic Losses in Osteoarthritis 300 Studies with Anabolic Therapy in Osteoarthritis 301 Summary 302 27: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Prolonged Immobilization, Microgravity, and Extended Space Travel 305 Introduction: Dramatic Losses of Anabolic Potentials 305 Studies with Anabolic Therapy for Immobilization and Microgravity Conditions 306 Summary 307 28: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy with Nutritional Replacement Treatments 309 Introduction: Critical Illness Is Associated with Profound Catabolism and Reduced Recuperative Abilities 309 Studies with Anabolic Agents and Nutritional Support 310 Anabolic Therapy with GHRH-GH-IGF-IGFBP Axis Components 311 Summary 312 29: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Dermatological Maladies and Wound Healing 316 Introduction: Loss of Anabolic Potentials Delays Wound Healing 316 Anabolic Therapy and Mechanisms of Action for Wound Healing 317 Summary 317 30: Rationale for Anabolic Therapy in Miscellaneous Ill-Health Conditions 320 Introduction: Loss of Anabolic Potential Can Result in a Variety of Ill-Health Conditions 320 Fibromyalgia 320 Skeletal Muscle Contusions and Injuries 321 Major Joint Replacement: Preoperational and Rehabilitation 321 Traumatic Brain Injury 322 Summary 322 Afterword: Hypoandrogenemia Is the Most Commonly Missed Disorder in Modern Medicine 327 Index 329 About the Author 337