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Overview
This new edition of a classic title explores the ways in which communication remains rooted in and dependent upon our everyday ability to interact through language despite the profound technological changes which have taken place since publication of the first edition.
Martin Montgomery explores satellite television, the ever-increasing role of cable television and the development of virtual reality and the information superhighway. The new edition contains a new chapter on gender and language, further material on the speech community, language and
subculture and language and representation.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781134908356 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
| Publication date: | 03/07/2008 |
| Series: | Studies in Culture and Communication |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| Pages: | 304 |
| File size: | 2 MB |
About the Author
Martin Montgomery is director of the Programme on Literary Linguistics at the University of Strathclyde where he is also a member of the John Logie Baird Centre for film and television.
Table of Contents
Preface to the second edition xiii
Preface to the third edition xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Transcription conventions xix
Introduction 1
Background sources and further reading 8
The Develoment of Language 11
The beginnings of language development 13
Learning language: the first words 13
Some precursors of language development 15
The early communicative expressions as a protolanguage 18
From protolanguage to holophrases 22
Two-word utterances as the beginnings of syntax 24
Basic meaning relations during the two-word phase 27
A problem of method 30
Background sources and further reading 33
Follow-up activities 35
Dialogue and language development 41
Further developments in meaning 41
The child's strategies for dialogue: establishing shared attention 46
Further dialogic strategies: responses 47
Ideational and interpersonal developments are closely interdependent 49
Dialogue as an arena for language development 51
Theoretical paradigms of language development 62
Conclusion 66
Background sources and further reading 67
Follow-up activities 68
Lingustic Diversity and the Speech Community 71
Language and regional variation: accent and dialect 73
Regional variation within a speech community 73
Regional variation and social structure 74
The social stratification of pronunciation 75
Shifts in pronunciation according to situation 76
Attitudes to pronunciation within the speech community 76
Working-class loyalty to non-prestige forms 77
'Hypercorrection' in the lower middle class 78
How do some patterns of pronunciation become the prestige forms? 78
Accents as a residue of earlier dialect differences 79
Factors underlying the survival of accents 80
Accent evaluation 82
Accents in television advertisements 83
Changing attitudes to accents 83
Surviving dialect differences 85
Dialect levelling and 'Estuary English' 87
Background sources and further reading 89
Follow-up activities 91
Language and ethnicity 95
Language variation and ethnicity 95
Linguistic markers of African-Caribbean identity 97
Origins and emergence of Caribbean Creole 98
Some linguistic differences between Jamaican Creole and Standard English 99
Social situation and the use of Creole 100
Asymmetrical selection of Creole forms within the African-Caribbean community 101
The continuance of Creole 103
Emphasising ethnicity in speech 104
Youth, subcultures and 'crossing' ethnicity 105
Background sources and further reading 106
Follow-up activities 108
Language and subcultures: anti-language 113
Anti-language 113
Linguistic features of an anti-language 113
Rapping and anti-language 115
Anti-language and social structure 117
Anti-language and the speech community 119
Background sources and further reading 119
Follow-up activities 120
Language and situation: register 123
Language is sensitive to its context of situation 123
Register 125
Conclusion 148
Background sources and further reading 148
Follow-up activities 151
Language and social class: restricted and elaborated speech variants 159
Language and social class 159
Restricted and elaborated speech variants 160
Two kinds of social formation 164
Role systems and codes 165
Codes and social class 166
Reactions 168
An alternative hypothesis 169
Background sources and further reading 169
Follow-up activities 171
Language and gender 173
Introduction 173
'Gender' versus 'sex' 173
Do men and women talk differently? The claims and the evidence 177
Conclusions: difference and dominance 192
Background sources and further reading 198
Follow-up activities 199
Linguistic diversity and the speech community: conclusion 201
The speech community 201
Diversity in language 202
The relationship of the standard dialect to other varieties 203
Communicative styles, subcultures, and the speech community 204
Conclusions: language and community 210
Background sources and further reading 213
Language and Social Interaction 215
Language and social interaction 217
Doing things with words: utterances perform actions 218
The normal coherence of talk: the actions performed by utterances typically cohere, one with another 219
Formats for providing coherence: the two-part structure or 'adjacency pair' 220
How do we recognize what an utterance is doing: in particular, what counts as a question? 221
Doing things with words: managing the discourse 231
Social relations and the management of discourse 235
Social relations, language, and culture 236
Conclusion 241
Background sources and further reading 242
Follow-up activities 245
Language and Representation 247
Language and representation 249
Language and representation 249
Two conflicting positions: the 'universalist' versus the 'relativist' 250
Vocabulary differences between languages 251
Grammatical differences between languages 252
Difficulties in the relativist position 253
The 'interested' character of linguistic representation 254
The vocabulary of modern warfare 257
After 9/11 262
Sentences and representation 266
Transitivity and the depiction of civil disorder 269
Industrial disputes and civil disorder: the miners' strike (1984-5) and the Paris riots (2007) 271
Language in the news: violent men and crimes against women 277
Conclusions 280
Background sources and further reading 283
Follow-up activities 286
References 289
Index 305
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