A diverse compendium of biographies of leading American women in the field of technology.
American Women in Technology: An Encyclopedia tells the fascinating story of women's contributions to numerous fields, including aerospace, engineering, information technology, telecommunications, and medical technology. Entries focus on technological events that opened scientific areas to women, biographies of women who made important contributions to technology, and organizations that aided women to enter specialties ranging from astrophysics and aerospace to telecommunications and textiles.
1112051696
American Women in Technology: An Encyclopedia
A diverse compendium of biographies of leading American women in the field of technology.
American Women in Technology: An Encyclopedia tells the fascinating story of women's contributions to numerous fields, including aerospace, engineering, information technology, telecommunications, and medical technology. Entries focus on technological events that opened scientific areas to women, biographies of women who made important contributions to technology, and organizations that aided women to enter specialties ranging from astrophysics and aerospace to telecommunications and textiles.
A diverse compendium of biographies of leading American women in the field of technology.
American Women in Technology: An Encyclopedia tells the fascinating story of women's contributions to numerous fields, including aerospace, engineering, information technology, telecommunications, and medical technology. Entries focus on technological events that opened scientific areas to women, biographies of women who made important contributions to technology, and organizations that aided women to enter specialties ranging from astrophysics and aerospace to telecommunications and textiles.
Linda Zierdt-Warshaw is a professional editor and a writer specializing in scientific and educational materials.
Alan Winkler is a science resource specialist in the field of science education.
Leonard Bernstein has authored several science textbooks and other instructional materials. He has taught secondary school science and founded a middle school with a focus on science and technology.
Table of Contents
Introduction
xi
American Women in Technology
1
Acoustical Engineering
1
Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering
1
Affirmative Action
2
Agricultural Engineering
3
Agriculture
4
Alexander, Hattie Elizabeth (1901-1968)
6
Alexander, Lucy Maclay (n.d.)
7
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
8
American Association of University Women (AAUW)
8
American Chemical Society (ACS)
9
American Crystallographic Association (ACA)
9
American Institute of Architects (AIA)
9
American Institute of Chemists (AIC)
10
American Mathematical Society (AMS)
10
American Society for Nutritional Sciences (ASNS)
11
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
11
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
12
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
12
Ancker-Johnson, Betsy (b. 1929)
13
Anderson, Elda Emma (1899-1961)
13
Antibiotics
14
Apgar, Virginia (1909-1974)
15
Architecture
17
Argonne National Laboratory
18
Askins, Barbara (n.d.)
19
Association for the Advancement of Women (AAW)
20
Association for Women in Science (AWIS)
20
Astronomy
20
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)
23
Averell, Georgene Hopf (1876-1963)
24
Baby Fae (1984-1984)
25
Baker, Sara Josephine (1873-1945)
25
Baldwin, Anna (n.d.)
27
Barnard College
27
Barney, Nora Stanton Blatch (1883-1971)
27
Bartlett, Helen Blair (1901-1969)
28
Bath, Patricia (b. 1944)
29
Beasley, Maria E. (ca. 1847-1904?)
29
Benerito, Ruth Rogan (b. 1916)
31
Benjamin, Miriam E. (n.d.)
31
Berkowitz, Joan (b. 1931)
31
Bernstein, Dorothy Lewis (1914-1988)
32
Bethune, Louise Blanchard (1856-1913)
33
Bevier, Isabel (1860-1942)
33
Biomedical Engineering
34
Biotechnology
35
Blackburn, Elizabeth Helen (b. 1948)
35
Blanchard, Helen Augusta (1840-1922)
36
Blodgett, Katherine Burr (1898-1979)
36
Blount (Griffin), Bessie J. (ca. 1914-?)
38
Boone, Sarah (n.d.)
38
Bradberry, Henrietta M. (?-1979)
39
Bramley, Jenny Rosenthal (1910-1997)
39
Bridges
40
Brill, Yvonne Claeys (b. 1924)
41
Brown, Marie Van Britton (n.d.)
42
Brown, Rachel Fuller (1898-1980)
42
Bryant, Alice G. (1862?-1942)
43
Bryn Mawr College
44
Burbidge, (Eleanor) Margaret Peachey (b. 1919)
44
Butler, Margaret K. (b. 1924)
45
Butterick, Ellen (n.d.)
46
Butterworth, Mary Peck (1686-1775)
47
Caldwell, Mary Letitia (1890-1972)
49
Cambra, Jessie G. (b. 1919)
49
Carr, Emma Perry (1880-1972)
50
Centennial Exposition
52
Chemical Engineering
53
Chemical Pioneer Award
53
Chilton, Annie H. (n.d.)
54
Civil Engineering
54
Clarke, Edith (1883-1959)
54
Cochran, Josephine G. (ca. 1842-?)
55
Columbian Exposition
56
Colvin, Margaret Plunkett (1828-1894)
58
Colwell, Rita Rossi (b. 1934)
58
Computers/Computer Technology
59
Comstock Prize
61
Converse, Susan Taylor (n.d.)
61
Conway, Lynn Ann (b. 1938)
62
Conwell, Esther Marly (b. 1922)
62
Cori, Gerty Theresa Radnitz (1896-1957)
63
Coston, Martha J. (1826-?)
66
Crosby, Caresse (1892-1970)
66
Crystallography
67
Cunningham, Kate Richards O'Hare (1877-1948)
68
Darden, Christine M. (b. 1942)
69
Demorest, Ellen Curtis (1824-1898)
70
Dick, Gladys Rowena Henry (1881-1963)
70
Dickelman, Lizzie H. (n.d.)
71
Domestic Appliances
71
Donovan, Marion (1917-1998)
73
Downs, Cornelia Mitchell (1892-1987)
74
Dresselhaus, Mildred S. (b. 1930)
75
Dunbar, Bonnie J. (b. 1949)
76
Earle, Sylvia (b. 1935)
79
Eaves, Elsie (1898-1983)
81
Edwards, Helen Thom (b. 1936)
81
Eglin, Ellen F. (n.d.)
82
Eldering, Grace (1900-1989)
82
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
83
Elion, Gertrude Belle (1918-1999)
83
Emerson, Gladys Anderson (1903-1984)
86
Eng, Patricia L. (b. 1955)
88
Engineering
89
Enrico Fermi Award
90
Environmental Engineering
91
Estrin, Thelma (b. 1924)
91
Evans, Alice Catherine (1881-1975)
92
Evard, Mary (n.d.)
93
Everson, Carrie Jane (1842-1914)
94
Farmer, Fannie Merritt (1857-1915)
95
Federal Woman's Award
96
Fenselau, Catherine Clarke (b. 1939)
96
Fieser, Mary Peters (1909-1997)
97
Fink, Kathryn (Kay) Ferguson (b. 1917)
98
Fitzroy, Nancy D. (b. 1927)
98
Flanigen, Edith M. (b. 1929)
99
Flugge-Lotz, Irmgard (1903-1974)
100
Foster, Margaret (1895-1970)
101
Fowler, Joanna S. (b. 1942)
101
Fox, Sally (b. 1956)
102
Francis P. Garvan-John M. Olin Medal
102
Frantz, Virginia Kneeland (1896-1967)
103
Frederick, Christine M. (1883-1970)
103
Free, Helen Murray (b. 1923)
104
French, Elizabeth J. (1821-1900)
105
Friend, Charlotte (1921-1987)
105
Gabe, Frances Bateson (b. 1915)
107
Galloway, Betty (b. 1958)
108
Gardner, Julia Anna (1882-1960)
108
Genetic Engineering
109
Gilbreth, Lillian Moller (1878-1972)
110
Gleason, Kate (1865-1933)
113
Goeppert-Mayer, Maria (1906-1972)
114
Goldstine, Adele Katz (b. 1920)
116
Good, Mary Lowe (b. 1931)
117
Goode, Sarah E. (n.d.)
118
Graham, Bette Nesmith (1924-1980)
118
Grandin, Temple (b. 1947)
118
Granville, Evelyn Boyd (b. 1924)
120
Green, Arda Alden (1899-1958)
121
Greene, Catherine Littlefield (1755-1814)
122
Greenewalt, Mary E. H. (1871-?)
123
Greneker, Lillian (1895-1990)
124
Hahn, Dorothy Anna (1876-1950)
127
Hall, Julia Brainerd (1858-1925)
127
Hamilton, Alice (1869-1970)
128
Handler, Ruth (1917-?)
130
Harmon, Elise F. (1909-1985)
131
Hayden, Sophia Gregoria (1868-1953)
132
Hazen, Elizabeth Lee (1885-1975)
133
Henry, Beulah L. (1887-?)
134
Herzenberg, Caroline Littlejohn (b. 1932)
136
Hibbard, Susan (n.d.)
137
Hicks, Beatrice Alice (1919-1979)
137
Hobby, Gladys Lounsbury (1910-1993)
138
Hollinshead, Ariel (b. 1929)
139
Home Economics
140
Hooper, Mary Carpenter (n.d.)
142
Hoover, Erna Schneider (b. 1926)
142
Hopper, Grace Murray (1906-1992)
143
Hosmer, Harriet (1830-1908)
145
Hyde, Ida Henrietta (1857-1945)
146
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA)
149
Industrial Engineering
149
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
150
Invention/Inventors
151
Irwin, Harriet (?-1897)
152
Jackson, Shirley Ann (b. 1946)
155
Jeanes, Allene Rosalind (1906-1995)
156
Jemison, Mae (b. 1956)
157
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
159
Johnson, Barbara Crawford (b. 1925)
160
Johnson, Katherine Coleman Goble (b. 1918)
161
Johnson, Nancy M. (ca. 1795-1890)
161
Jones, Amanda Theodosia (1835-1914)
162
Jones, El Dorado (1860/1861?-1932)
162
Jones, Sarah E. (1829-1884)
163
Joullie, Madeleine M. (b. 1927)
163
Joyner, Marjorie Stewart (1896-1994)
164
Karle, Isabella L. (b. 1921)
165
Kaufman, Joyce Jacobson (b. 1929)
166
Keichline, Anna W. (1890-?)
166
Kempf, Martine (b. 1958)
167
Kendrick, Pearl Luella (1890-1980)
169
Kenner, (Mary) Beatrice Davidson (b. 1912)
170
Kies, Mary (1742-?)
171
King, Helen (1869-1955)
172
Knight, Margaret E. (1838-1914)
173
Koshland, Marian Elliot (b. 1921)
173
Krim, Mathilde Galland (b. 1926)
174
Kurtzig, Sandra L. Brody (b. 1946/1947?)
175
Kwolek, Stephanie Louise (b. 1923)
176
Lamarr, Hedy (1914-2000)
179
Lamme, Bertha (1869-1954)
180
Lemelson-MIT Program
180
Levi-Montalcini, Rita (b. 1909)
181
Libby, Leona W. (1919-1986)
183
Lin, Maya (b. 1959)
185
Loftness, Vivian (n.d.)
186
Logan, Myra Adele (1908-1977)
187
Low, Jeanie S. (n.d.)
188
Lucid, Shannon Wells (b. 1943)
188
Macdonald, Anne L. (n.d.)
191
Mack, Pauline Beery (1891-1974)
191
Macy-Hoobler, Icie Gertrude (1892-1984)
193
Mangin, Anna (n.d.)
194
Manhattan Project
195
Manning, Ann Harned (ca. 1790-1870s)
196
Martinez, Lissa Ann (b. 1954)
196
Masters, Sybilla Righton (?-1720)
197
Materials Engineering
198
Mathematical Association of America (MAA)
199
Mathematics
199
Mather, Sarah (n.d.)
200
Maury, Antonia (1866-1952)
201
McCardell, Claire (1905-1958)
202
Mechanical Engineering
202
Medicine/Medical Technology
203
Metals and Metallurgy
208
Metcalf, Betsey (1786-1867)
209
Miller, Elizabeth Smith (1822-1911)
210
Moore, Ann (b. 1940)
210
Morgan, Agnes Fay (1884-1968)
211
Morgan, Julia (1872-1957)
212
Morrill Act of 1862
213
Mount Holyoke College
213
Muller, Gertrude (1887-1954)
213
National Academy of Engineering (NAE)
215
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
215
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
216
National Engineers Week
218
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
218
National Inventors' Hall of Fame
219
National Medal of Science
220
National Medal of Technology
220
National Science Foundation (NSF)
221
National Women's Hall of Fame
221
National Women's History Month
222
Nepotism Policies
222
Newman, Lyda (n.d.)
223
Nobel Prize
223
Nuclear Physics
224
Ochoa, Ellen (b. 1958)
227
Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)
