Table of Contents
Introduction viii
Chapter 1 Traditional Culture of the Plateau Indians 1
Language 2
Crossroads of Cultures 3
Shelter 5
Tepees 7
Food and Transportation 9
Authority 11
Kinship 12
Rites of Passage 13
Joking Relationships 14
Head Flattening 16
Religion 17
Chapter 2 Cultural Change Among the Plateau Indians 19
The 19th Century 19
Syncretism 20
Disenfranchisement 20
Prophet Dance and Ghost Dance 21
Smohalla 25
The 20th Century and Beyond: the Struggle for Sovereignty 26
Indian Gaming 27
Chapter 3 Selected Plateau Peoples in Focus 31
Flathead (Salishan) 31
Sahaptin 33
Nez Percé 33
Chief Joseph 35
Yakama 37
Other Languages 38
Kutenai 39
Modoc and Klamath 41
Chapter 4 Traditional Culture of the Plains Indians 44
Languages 44
George Catlin 46
The Role of the Horse in Plains Life 48
Before the Horse 48
After the Horse 50
Appaloosa and Cay use 51
Shelter 52
Clothing, Goods, and Tirade 54
Bridewealth 55
Authority 57
Descent 58
Marriage 59
Socialization and Education 61
Rank and Warfare 63
Age Set 65
Religion 66
Sun Dance 69
Chapter 5 Intercultural Contact 73
The Plains Wars 75
Creek Massacre 76
Syncretism and Assimilation 78
Peyotism 80
The Struggle for Sovereignty 82
Chapter 6 Plains Peoples in Focus: Selected Siouan Groups 83
Assiniboin 83
Crow 84
Hidatsa 86
Iowa, Missouri, and Oto 88
Iowa 89
Missouri 89
Oto 90
Kansa 90
Mandan 92
Omaha 94
Susette La Flesche 95
Osage 96
Maria and Marjorie Tallchief 98
Ponca 100
Quapaw 101
Sioux 102
The Sioux Way of Life 102
The Sioux Before European Conquest 103
How the West Was Lost 104
Crazy Horse 106
The Battle of the Little Bighorn and Its Aftermath 108
Chapter 7 Plains Peoples in Focus: Selected Algonquian and Other Language Groups 111
Algonquian Speakers 111
Arapaho 111
Atsina 112
Blackfoot 113
Crowfoot 116
Cheyenne 116
Dull Knife 119
Caddoan Speakers 120
Ankara 121
Pawnee 123
Wichita 124
Speakers of Other Languages 125
Kiowa (Kiowa-Tanoan) 125
N. Scott Momaday 127
Métis 128
Louis Riel 129
Sarcee 130
Plains Indian Sign Language 131
Wind River Shoshone and Comanche 132
Conclusion 133
Glossary 134
Bibliography 137
Index 140
