Air Pollution Meteorology and Dispersion / Edition 1

by S. Pal Arya

Overview

Air Pollution Meteorology and Dispersion provides a concise yet thorough review of the basic theories, models, experiments, and observations of pollutant dispersal in the atmosphere. It offers the theoretical and empirical bases of frequently used dispersion models while emphasizing the limitations and uncertainties inherent in these models. Organized into twelve chapters, the material is presented in order of increasing difficulty. The first half of the book treats the basic tenets of air pollution modeling; the second half deals with the more detailed theoretical and observational aspects of dispersion. Sufficient background material on atmospheric structure, dynamics, and circulation systems and their importance to atmospheric dispersion is included for students who do not yet have a strong meteorological background. Turbulence and diffusion theories, such as gradient transport, statistical, and similarity theories, as well as analytical and numerical dispersion and air quality models, are also discussed. Problems and exercises are included in each chapter, making this an ideal text for undergraduate and graduate courses in atmospheric science and mechanical engineering.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780195073980
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	09/03/1998
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	320
Product dimensions:	7.14(w) x 10.26(h) x 0.86(d)
Lexile:	1600L (what's this?)

About the Author

S. Pal Arya is Professor of Meteorology in the Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Well known for his research in the areas of environmental fluid mechanics, atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence and dispersion, he has published many articles in scientific journals. Arya is also the author of Introduction to Micrometeorology (1988) and chapters in other books on meteorology. He is a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society and American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the American Geophysical Union.

Table of Contents

PrefaceAcknowledgments1. INTRODUCTION TO AIR POLLUTION1.1. The Air Pollution Problem1.2. Sources of Air Pollution1.3. Air Pollutants1.4. Effects of Air Pollution1.5. Regulatory Control of Air Pollution2. ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS2.1. Introduction2.2. Composition and Thermal Structure of theAtmosphere2.3. State Variables and Thermodynamics2.4. Atmospheric Stability2.5. Conservation Laws and Atmospheric Dynamics2.6. Large-scale Inviscid Flows2.7. Small-scale Viscous Flows2.8. Applications3. ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEMS AND POLLUTANT TRANSPORT3.1. Introduction3.2. Macroscale Systems3.3. Synoptic Weather Systems3.4. Mesoscale Systems3.5. Microscale Systems4. MICROMETEOROLOGY AND PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER4.1. Introduction and Definitions4.2. Earth-Atmosphere Exchange Processes4.3. Vertical Distribution of Thermodynamic Variables4.4. Vertical Distribution of Winds in the PBL4.5. Turbulence4.6. Gradient-transport Theories4.7. Similarity Theories4.8. Boundary-layer Parameterization for DispersionApplications5. STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE5.1. Reynolds Averaging5.2. Probability Functions5.3. Autocorrelation Functions5.4. Spectrum Functions5.5. Taylor's Hypothesis5.6. Statistical Theory of Turbulence5.7. Observed Spectra and Scales5.8. Effects of Smoothing and Finite Sampling5.9. Lagrangian Description of Turbulence5.10. Parameterization of Turbulence for Diffusion Applications6. GRADIENT TRANSPORT THEORIES6.1. Eulerian Approach to Describing Diffusion6.2. Mass Conservation and Diffusion Equations6.3. Molecular Diffusion6.4. Turbulent Diffusion6.5. Constant K (Fickian Diffusion) - Theory6.6. Variable K-Theory6.7. Limitations of Gradient Transport Theories6.8. Experimental Verification of K-Theories6.9. Applications of K-Theories to Atmospheric Dispersion7. STATISTICAL THEORIES OF DIFFUSION7.1. Lagrangian Approach to Describing Diffusion7.2. Statistical Theory of Absolute Diffusion7.3. Plume Diffusion from Continuous Sources7.4. Statistical Theory of Relative Diffusion7.5. Puff Diffusion from Instantaneous Releases7.6. Fluctuating Plume Models7.7. Experimental Verification of Statistical Theories7.8. Applications to Atmospheric Dispersion and Limitations8. SIMILARITY THEORIES OF DISPERSION8.1. Dispersion in Stratified Shear Flows8.2. Lagrangian Similarity Theory for the Neutral Surface Layer8.3. Lagrangian Similarity Theory for the Stratified Surface Layer8.4. The Mixed-layer Similarity Theory8.5. Experimental Verification of Similarity Theories8.6. Applications to Dispersion in the PBL8.7. Limitations of Similarity Theories9. GAUSSIAN DIFFUSION MODELS9.1. Basis and Justification for Gaussian Models9.2. Gaussian Plume and Puff Diffusion Models9.3. Diffusion Experiments9.4. Empirical Dispersion Parameterization Schemes9.5. Further Improvements in Dispersion Parameterization9.6. The Maximum Ground-Level Concentration9.7. Model Evaluations and Uncertainties9.8. Limitations of Gaussian Diffusion Models9.9. Practical Applications of Gaussian Diffusion Models10. PLUME RISE, SETTLING, AND DEPOSITION10.1. Momentum and Buoyancy Effects of Release10.2. Plume-rise Theory and Observations10.3. Gravitational Settling of Particles10.4. Dry Deposition10.5. Dispersion-Deposition Models10.6. Applications11. NUMERICAL DISPERSION MODELS11.1. Introduction11.2. Short-range Gradient Transport Models11.3. Turbulence Kinetic Energy Models11.4. Higher Order Closure Models11.5. Large-eddy Simulations11.6. Lagrangian Stochastic Models12. URBAN AND REGIONAL AIR QUALITY MODELS12.1. Introduction12.2. Components of an Air Quality Model12.3. Urban Diffusion and Air Quality12.4. Regional Air Quality Models12.5. Applications of Air Quality ModelsReferencesSymbolsIndexAll Chapters end with Problems and Exercises