Table of Contents
Contributors vii
1 Microbial communities of halite deposits and other hypersaline environments Thomas P. Thompson Julianne Megaw Stephen A. Kelly Jason Hopps Brendan F. Gilmore 1
1 Introduction 2
2 Halophiles exist across all three domains of life 3
3 Diversity of hypersaline environments 6
4 Case study: Kilroot Salt Mine 10
5 Application of halophilic products 20
6 Concluding remarks 24
References 25
Further reading 32
2 Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria and their application in food biopreservation Houssam Abouloifa Ismail Hasnaoui Yahya Rokni Reda Beliaouchi Nabil Ghabbour Salwa Karboune Milena Brasca Abdelkarim Abousalham Bassem Jaouadi Ennouamane Saalaoui Abdeslam Asehraou 33
1 Introduction 34
2 Screening of LAB strains for their antifungal activity 35
3 Antifungal compounds obtained from LAB 37
4 Action mechanism of antifungal compounds derived from LAB 49
5 Identification of antifungal compounds derived from LAB 51
6 Application of LAB and their antifungal compounds as bio-preservative agents 57
7 Conclusion 66
References 67
3 Gain-of-function research K.P. Saalbach 79
1 Introduction 80
2 Gain-of-function research 81
3 The Avian influenza virus studies of Kawaoka and Fouchier 86
4 The legal framework of gain-of-function research 87
5 Coronavirus research 97
6 The debate on gain-of-function 102
7 Conclusions and recommendations 105
References 106
