Table of Contents
Preface ix
Chapter 1 Computational Electromagnetic Methods 1
1.1 FDTD Method 1
1.1.1 FDTD Update Equations 1
1.1.2 Stability Analysis 6
1.1.3 Boundary Conditions 7
1.2 Method of Moments 11
1.3 Finite Element Method 13
1.3.1 Scalar Formulation 14
1.3.2 Vector Formulation 14
1.4 Finite Integration Technique 15
References 17
Chapter 2 FDTD Optimization and Acceleration 19
2.1 Introduction To CPU Architecture 20
2.2 SSE Instruction Set 21
2.3 Cache Optimization 25
2.4 Task Parallelization and Bundling 26
2.5 Prefetch 26
2.6 Reading or Writing Combination 27
2.7 Material Loop-Up Table 28
2.8 Numa Optimization 28
2.9 Implementation of Value FDTD Method 30
References 35
Chapter 3 Parallel FDTD Method and Systems 37
3.1 Parallel FDTD Method 37
3.2 Openmp for Multicore Processors 40
3.3 MPI Technique 41
3.4 Network Card, Switch, and Cable 43
References 46
Chapter 4 Electromagnetic Simulation Techniques 47
4.1 Mesh Generation Techniques 47
4.2 Basic Simulation Procedure 50
4.3 Dipole Antenna 51
4.4 Vivaldi Antenna Simulation 55
4.5 Banded Microwave Connector 60
4.6 Parallel Lines 64
4.7 Two-Port Antenna 67
4.8 Slot Coupling 69
4.9 Microwave Filter 72
4.10 Optimization and Parameter Scan 74
4.11 Periodic Structure Simulation 78
4.12 Ground Penetrating Radar Model 81
4.13 Microwave Connector 84
References 87
Chapter 5 EM Simulation Software Benchmarks 89
5.1 Basic Steps In EM Simulation 89
5.1.1 HFSS 89
5.1.2 CST 90
5.1.3 FEKO 90
5.1.4 GEMS 91
5.2 Hardware Platforms 92
5.3 Patch Antenna 92
5.4 Vivaldi Antenna 99
5.5 Scattering of Dielectric Sphere 108
5.6 Cell Phone Antenna 117
5.7 Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure 126
5.8 Standard Sar Test 131
5.9 Waveguide Filter 140
References 146
Chapter 6 Large Multiscale Problem Solving 147
6.1 Radio Frequency Protection 147
6.2 Comb-Shaped Antenna Array 153
6.3 Tacking Reflector Antenna 159
6.4 Partial Symmetric Problem Simulation 165
6.5 Flat Reflector Antenna 171
6.6 Signal Integrity 174
6.7 Card Reader EMI Analysis 179
6.8 Cloaking Structure 183
References 185
Chapter 7 Summary 187
7.1 FDTD Method 187
7.2 FDTD Code Development 189
7.3 FDTD Simulation Techniques 190
7.4 Hardware Platform 192
References 193
Appendix A Antenna Power and Efficiency 195
References 199
Appendix B Active Reflection Coefficient 201
References 204
Appendix C Total Active Reflection Coefficient 205
References 206
Appendix D MEG and ECC 207
D.1 Propagation Environments 207
D.2 ECC 208
D.3 MEG 208
References 209
Appendix E Lossy Dielectric Simulation Technique 211
References 212
Appendix F Circular Polarization Decomposition 213
References 215
Appendix G Vector Fitting Technique 217
References 219
Appendix H Partially Symmetric Problem Simulation 221
References 223
Appendix I Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) 225
References 227
Appendix J S-Parameter Extraction 229
J.1 Matched S-Parameter 229
J.2 Normalized S-Parameter 230
J.3 Mode S-Parameter 232
References 233
Appendix K Debye Model Construction 235
References 237
Appendix L Geometry Mapping Technique 239
References 246
Appendix M PC Cluster Optimization 247
References 248
About the Authors 249
Index 253
