Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Summary of book Sections: Applications 9
3 A Little Background 15
4 What is an Innovation Ecosystem? 23
5 What is a Complex Adaptive System? 29
6 The Science of Innovation Ecosystems: A Brief Introduction 40
7 The Rainforest Model Explained 47
8 Systems, Models, and Attractors 59
9 The Ties That Bind Us: Strong Links, Weak Links, and Relevant Links 74
10 Building Blocks for Innovation Ecosystems 81
11 Boundaries, Limits, and Connections 100
12 Boundary Spanners: Network Holes and How to Plug Them 109
13 Contextual Qualifiers: One Size Doesn't Fit All 117
14 Networks and Feedback 125
15 Wicked Problems are Everywhere 134
16 Hierarchy and Necessity 144
17 Cause, Effect, and Trying to Predict 153
18 Sowing the Seeds of Resilience: Shocks to the System 161
19 Indicators and Fallibility 166
20 Noise and Housekeeping 177
21 Reusing Knowledge: Create Early, Use Often 181
22 Should Everything be Optimized? 186
23 Thinking about Diffusion 203
24 Practical Reasoning: Decision Making and Solving the Right Problem 208
25 Strategies for Building Innovation Ecosystems: The Workbook 222
26 A Framework, Geometry, and Grammar for Rainforests 259
27 Beyond Metaphor 268
28 What Next? 272