ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships

by Leonard F. Koziol, Deborah Ely Budding, Dana Chidekel

Overview

ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships

Leonard F. Koziol, Deborah Ely Budding, and Dana Chidekel

Series Title: Springer Briefs in Neuroscience

Subseries: The Vertically Organized Brain in Theory and Practice

It's been a basic neurological given: the brain does our thinking, and has evolved to do the thinking, as controlled by the neocortex. In this schema, all dysfunction can be traced to problems in the brain’s lateral interactions. But in scientific reality, is this really true? Challenging this traditional cortico-centric view is a body of research emphasizing the role of the structures that control movement-the brain's vertical organization-in behavioral symptoms.

Using a well-known, widely studied disorder as a test case, ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships offers an innovative framework for integrating neuroscience and behavioral research to refine diagnostic process and advance the understanding of disorders. Identifying a profound disconnect between current neuropsychological testing and the way the brain actually functions, this revision of the paradigm critiques the DSM and ICD in terms of the connectedness of brain structures regarding cognition and behavior. The authors argue for a large-scale brain network approach to pathology instead of the localizing that is so common historically, and for an alternate set of diagnostic criteria proposed by the NIMH. Included in the coverage:

• The diagnosis of ADHD: history and context.
• ADHD and neuropsychological nomenclature
• Research Domain Criteria: a dimensional approach to evaluating disorder
• The development of motor skills, executive function, and a relation to ADHD
• The role of the cerebellum in cognition, emotion, motivation, and dysfunction
• How large-scale brain networks interact

Heralding a more accurate future of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of neurodevelopmentaldisorders, ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships represents a major step forward for neuropsychologists, child psychologists, and psychiatrists, or any related profession interested in a neuroscientific understanding of brain function.

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Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781461483816
Publisher:	Springer New York
Publication date:	09/23/2013
Series:	SpringerBriefs in Neuroscience
Edition description:	2013
Pages:	93
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.01(d)

Table of Contents

Neuroscience, Neuropsychology, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: ADHD as a Model of Brain-Behavior Relationships.- ADHD, Attention, and DSM Diagnosis: History and Context.- ADHD and Neuropsychological Nomenclature.- Diagnostic Systems and Etiological Models.- Neuropsychological Models Of Attention and ADHD.- Broad-Based Neuropsychological Test Batteries and ADHD.- Preliminary Answers to the Question.- Dimensional Approaches for Evaluating Disorders: Research Domain Criteria.- The Neocortex, Regional Functional Specialization, and Cognitive Networks.- Large Scale Brain Networks and Functional Connectivity.- The Ontogeny of Functional Brain Networks.- Large Scale Brain Network Disturbances in ADHD.- The Selection Problem.- The Basal Ganglia.-The Basal Ganglia and Intention Programs.- The Basal Ganglia: Focused Attention and Learning Through Integrative Networks.- Reward Circuitry and the Basal Ganglia.-The Cerebellum.- The Modular Organization of the Cerebellum.- The Development of Motor Skills, Executive Functions, and a Relationship to ADHD: A Preliminary Review.- Revisiting Neuropsychological Testing and The Paradox of ADHD.- Neural Network Dynamics: How Large Scale Brain Networks Interact.- Concluding Remarks.

Editorial Reviews

Reviewer: Brian P Gomoll, MD (Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital)
Description: This is a concise review of the current literature on large-scale brain networks and how they explain the heterogeneity, diagnostic limitations, and pitfalls of current neuropsychological tests for ADHD.
Purpose: This book sets out to discuss the inadequacy of current diagnostic criteria, behavioral scales, and neuropsychological testing in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, as well as the contributions of interactive large-scale brain networks to the heterogeneous symptoms of ADHD. It also explores the future promise of Research Domain Criteria and neuroscience research to create accurate diagnostic tools and potentially more appropriate treatment. This subject is clearly important for clinicians and researchers who face the task of integrating neuroscience and behavioral research with current diagnostic criteria and clinical evaluation. In its brief review of the topic, this book clearly and concisely accomplishes its objectives.
Audience: Written for anyone who evaluates or treats neurodevelopmental disorders, the book would be useful for neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, child psychologists, and others interested in understanding brain networks and function. The authors' previous works demonstrate their knowledge and reputation in the field.
Features: The book covers the history, diagnosis, and neuropsychological models/testing for ADHD, noting the pitfalls in the current approaches and comparing them with current work on the Research Domain Criteria. It then moves on to discuss the current data on large-scale brain networks and their contribution to the heterogeneous presentation of ADHD, wrapping up with revisiting how this data can be used for further research and conceptualization of ADHD. Though focused on ADHD, the book is an excellent, succinct review of brain-behavior relationships and the importance of future integration of research, clinical neuropsychology, and diagnosis in neuropsychiatric conditions. The brief chapters reviewing various "vertical" pathways in the brain and their relation to ADHD symptoms are succinctly written but clear and precise.
Assessment: On its surface, this is a to-the-point review of neuroscience research, diagnostic shortcomings, and clinical features of ADHD, but the information it contains is useful far beyond ADHD, as its model of interactions between large-scale brain networks resulting in heterogeneous clinical syndromes is applicable to any neuropsychiatric diagnosis. Its ability to explain these networks and their interactions in a brief manner is an additional strength. Anyone interested in brain networks and clinical presentations of neuropsychiatric disorders could benefit from reading this book, and its content is extremely salient for trainees, clinicians, and researchers as they navigate the interface among brain-behavior relationships, diagnosis, and treatment.

Doody's Review Service

From the reviews:

“This is a concise review of the current literature on large-scale brain networks and how they explain the heterogeneity, diagnostic limitations, and pitfalls of current neuropsychological tests for ADHD. … Anyone interested in brain networks and clinical presentations of neuropsychiatric disorders could benefit from reading this book, and its content is extremely salient for trainees, clinicians, and researchers as they navigate the interface among brain-behavior relationships, diagnosis, and treatment.” (Brain P. Gomoll, Doody’s Book Reviews, January, 2014)

From the Publisher