ACSM's Worksite Health Handbook

by American College of Sports Medicine

Overview

Encouraging and maintaining a healthy workforce have become key components in the challege to reduce health care expenditures and health-related productivity losses. As companies more fully realize the impact of healthy workers on the financial health of their organization, health promotion professionals seek support to design and implement interventions that generate improvements in workers' health and business performance.

The second edition of ACSM's Worksite Health Handbook: A Guide to Building Healthy and Productive Companies connects worksite health research and practice to offer health promotion professionals the information, ideas, and approaches to provide affordable, scalable, and sustainable solutions for the organizations they serve.

Thoroughly updated with the latest research and expanded to better support the business case for worksite programs, the second edition of ACSM's Worksite Health Handbook includes the contributions of nearly 100 of the top researchers and practitioners in the field from Canada, Europe, and the United States. The book's mix of research, evidence, and practice makes it a definitive and comprehensive resource on worksite health promotion, productivity management, disease prevention, and chronic disease management.

ACSM's Worksite Health Handbook, Second Edition, has the following features:

-An overview of contextual issues, including a history of the field, the current state of the field, legal perspectives, and the role of health policy in worksite programs

-A review of the effectiveness of strategies in worksite settings, including economic impact, best practices, and the health–productivity relationship

-Information on assessment, measurement, and evaluation, including health and productivity assessment tools, the economic returns of health improvement programs, and appropriate use of claims-based analysis and planning

-A thorough discussion of program design and implementation, including the application of behavior change theory, new ways of using data to engage participants, use of technology and social networks to improve effectiveness, and key features of best-practice programs

-An examination of various strategies for encouraging employee involvement, such as incorporating online communities and e-health, providing incentives, using medical self-care programs, making changes to the built environment, and tying in wellness with health and safety

The book includes a chapter that covers the implementation process step by step so that you can see how all of the components fit together in the creation of a complete program. You'll also find four in-depth case studies that offer innovative perspectives on implementing programs in a variety of work settings. Each case study includes a profile of the company, a description of the program and the program goals, information on the population being served, the results of the program, and a summary or discussion of the program. Throughout the book you'll find practical ideas, approaches, and solutions for implementation as well as examples of best practices and successful programs that will support your efforts in creating interventions that improve both workers' health and business performance.

The book is endorsed by the International Association for Worksite Health Promotion, a new ACSM affiliate society.

Deepen your understanding of the key issues and challenges within worksite health promotion and find the most current research and practice-based information and approaches inside ACSM's Worksite Health Handbook: A Guide to Building Healthy and Productive Companies, Second Edition.

The e-book for ACSM's Worksite Health Handbook, Second Edition, is available at a reduced price. It allows you to highlight, take notes, and easily use all the material in the book in seconds. The e-book is delivered through Adobe Digital Editions® and when purchased through the Human Kinetics site, access to the content is immediately granted when your order is received.

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Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781492583745
Publisher:	Human Kinetics Publishers
Publication date:	02/27/2009
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	400
File size:	18 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD, is the vice president of health management at HealthPartners in Bloomington, Minnesota, the largest consumer-governed, nonprofit health care organization in the nation. He is also senior research investigator at HealthPartners Research Foundation and health science officer of JourneyWell, a Minneapolis-based nationwide provider of health and wellness programs.

Pronk has 20 years of experience in the health promotion field as a researcher, developer, and administrator of health promotion programs and services. Since 1993 he has directed health improvement initiatives that involve a systems approach to generating health across multiple sectors, including business and industry. He is a member of the distinguished Task Force on Community Preventive Services, an independent panel supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which presents evidence-based recommendations to the health field.

A member of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) since 1984, Pronk served as section editor and contributor for the first edition of ACSM's Worksite Health Promotion Manual. He currently serves as associate editor for the ACSM's Health&Fitness Journal. He served as the chair for the ACSM Interest Group on Worksite Health Promotion until 2008, when it morphed into the International Association for Worksite Health Promotion (IAWHP), an ACSM affiliate society. Pronk is a founding member and inaugural president of the international board of directors for the IAWHP. Previously, he was a board member of the former Association for Worksite Health Promotion (AWHP).

Pronk and his wife, Stephanie, reside in Eagan, Minnesota. He enjoys spending time with his family and dogs, watching English Football Association soccer after a Saturday-morning run, and riding his Harley on country roads in the Minnesota northland.

About the American College of Sports Medicine

ACSM advances and integrates scientific research to provide educational and practical applications of exercise science and sports medicine.

The American College of Sports Medicine, founded in 1954, is a professional membership society with more than 20,000 national, regional, and international members in more than 70 countries dedicated to improving health through science, education, and medicine. ACSM members work in a wide range of medical specialties, allied health professions, and scientific disciplines. Its members are committed to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sport-related injuries and the advancement of the science of exercise.

Its members' diversity and expertise make ACSM the largest, most respected sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world. From astronauts and athletes to people with chronic diseases or physical challenges, ACSM continues to look for and find better methods to allow people to live longer and more productive lives. ACSM is leading the way in exercise science and sports medicine.

Table of Contents

Part I: Setting the Context

Chapter 1: Population Health Management at the Worksite
Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD, FACSM
A Look at the Past
Managing the Health of Defined Populations
The Population Health Management Framework
What Works?
A Glimpse of the Future
Conclusion

Chapter 2: Employee Health Promotion: A Historical Perspective
R. William Whitmer, MBA
Worksite Wellness—1975 to 1985
Employee Health Promotion—1986 to 1995
Employee Health Management—1996 to the Present
Former and Current Providers
Conclusion

Chapter 3: Workplace-Based Health and Wellness Services
Raymond J. Fabius, MD, CPE, FACPE, and Sharon Glave Frazee, PhD
Brief History of Workplace Health Centers
From Occupational Health to Population Health
How Worksite Health Promotion Fits In
Workplace Health as a Point of Integration
The Value of Workplace Health
What Does the Future Offer?
Conclusions

Chapter 4: State of the Worksite Health Promotion Industry: The 2004 National Worksite Health Promotion Survey
Laura A. Linnan, ScD, CHES
Monitoring Worksite Health Promotion Objectives—National Surveys (1985, 1992, 1999)
2004 National Worksite Health Promotion Survey
Survey Sample and Key Measures
Data Collection Procedures and Analysis Plan
Results
Discussion
Implications for Practice
Implications for Research
Conclusions

Chapter 5: Health Promotion Programming in Small, Medium, and Large Businesses
Heather M. Bowen, MS, RD, LD; Todd D. Smith, MS, CSP, ARM; Mark G. Wilson, HSD; and David M. Dejoy, PhD
Characteristics of Small Versus Large Employers
Availability of Health Promotion Activities and Services
Access to Health Promotion Activities and Services
Quality of Health Promotion Activities and Services
The Small-Business Conundrum
Strategies for Expanding Health Promotion in Small Businesses
Conclusion

Chapter 6: Employee Health Promotion: A Legal Perspective
Alison Cline Earles, Esq., and LuAnn Heinen, MPP
Summary of Relevant U.S. Laws and Their Effects on Health Promotion Programs
HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules and Health Promotion Programs
HIPAA Nondiscrimination Rules and Incentive-Based Health Promotion Programs
Americans With Disabilities Act
State Lifestyle Discrimination Laws
Tax Laws
Conclusion

Chapter 7: Health Care Policy and Health Promotion
John M. Clymer, AB; Garry M. Lindsay, MPH, CHES; Jennifer M. Childress, MS, CHES; and George J. Pfeiffer, MSE, FAWHP
What Is Policy?
Types of Policy
Policy and Outcomes
Common Health-Related Policies and Application to Health Promotion Professionals
Policy as a Cultural Catalyst
Noncompliance With Policy
Planning and Implementing Health Policy
Conclusion

Chapter 8: The Case for Change: From Segregated to Integrated Employee Health Management
Ann L. Yaktine, PhD, and Mike D. Parkinson, MD, MPH, FACPM
Identifying the Problem
Raising the Bar
Revisioning the Role of Health Benefits
Determining the Health of the Workforce
Implementing an Integrated Program
Conclusion

Part II: The Evidence for Employer-Sponsored Health Programs

Chapter 9: An Introduction to Evidence on Worksite Health Promotion
Jonathan E. Fielding, MD, MPH, MBA, and David P. Hopkins, MD, MPH
Evidence-Based Worksite Health Promotion
Sources of Evidence on Effectiveness for Worksite Health Promotion
Scientific Studies and Evidence-Based Decision Making
Systematic Reviews in Support of Evidence-Based Decision Making
Insufficient Evidence
Specific Issues Regarding Worksite Health Promotion Literature
Additional Considerations on Evidence Regarding Worksite Health Promotion
Conclusion

Chapter 10: The Assessment of Health Risks With Feedback: Results of a Systematic Review
Robin E. Soler, PhD; Matt Griffith, MPH; David P. Hopkins, MD, MPH; and Kimberly D. Leeks, PhD, MPH
The AHRF Intervention
Evaluation of Effectiveness Across the Qualifying Body of Evidence
Results: Intervention Effectiveness
Potential Adverse Effects and Barriers to Implementation of AHRF Plus
Methodological Challenges of the Review
Conclusion

Chapter 11: Practice and Research Connected: A Synergistic Process of Translation Through Knowledge Transfer
Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD, FACSM
Translation as a Knowledge Transfer
Practice and Research Connected
The Practice and Research Connected Model
Tools to Generate, Transfer, and Apply Knowledge
Conclusion

Chapter 12: Benchmarking and Best Practices in Worksite Health Promotion
Jessica Grossmeier, MPH; LaVaughn Palma-Davis, MA; K. Andrew Crighton, MD, CPE; Margaret Sabin, MHSA; and David R. Anderson, PhD
Benchmarking
Best Practices
Application of Benchmarking Approaches
HERO Employee Health Management Best Practice Scorecard
Conclusion

Chapter 13: Health and the Organization of Work
David Gimeno, PhD, and Benjamin C. Amick III, PhD
Contextual Levels Shaping the Organization of Work
Toward a Multilevel Perspective on Work Organization
The Health Effects of the Organization of Work: What Do We Know?
Methodological Issues to Consider in Moving Forward
Interventions on the Organization of Work With Health Outcomes: What Can We Learn?
Conclusion

Chapter 14: Health and Productivity Management: An Overview
Joseph A. Leutzinger, PhD
What Is Health and Productivity Management?
Health-Related Productivity
HPM Model
What Makes HPM Unique?
Implementation of the HPM Model
Trends in HPM
Evaluation
Conclusion

Part III: Assessing Worker and Organizational Health

Chapter 15: Practical Program Evaluation: Ensuring Findings Are Used for Program Improvement
Thomas J. Chapel, MA, MBA, and Jason E. Lang, MPH, MS
CDC's Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health
Applying the Framework Steps
Conclusion

Chapter 16: The Assessment of Health and Risk: Tools, Specific Uses, and Implementation Processes
Edward M. Framer, PhD, and Yosuke Chikamoto, PhD
Assessment of Health Risk and Health Status
Implementing Population Health Measurement Systems
Detailed Review
Health Assessment Program Participation Eligibility Determination
Health Assessment Program Delivery Methods
Marketing
Biometric Screenings
Data Handling
Implementation Monitoring
Evaluation
Conclusion

Chapter 17: Organizational Assessment for Health
Thomas Golaszewski, EdD
Best-Practice Guidelines and Award Mechanisms in Worksite Health Promotion
Organizational Assessment Tools
Future Recommendations
Conclusion

Chapter 18: Assessment Tools for Employee Productivity
Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD, FACSM
Approach
Research Reviews on Health-Related Productivity Instruments
Compilation of Individual Health-Related Productivity Instruments
Psychometric Properties
Practical Application
Conclusion

Chapter 19: Calculating the Economic Return of Health and Productivity Management Programs
Seth Serxner, PhD, MPH, and Daniel B. Gold, PhD
Approach
Measurement and Evaluation Activities
General Discussion
Conclusion

Chapter 20: Using Claims Analysis to Support Intervention Planning, Design, and Measurement
David H. Chenoweth, PhD, and Jeff A. Hochberg, MS
Do It Yourself or Hire It Done
Requesting Appropriate Data
Defining the Types of Data to Consider
Making Sense of Medical Claims
Conclusion

Part IV: Program Design and Implementation

Chapter 21: Organizing Intelligence to Achieve Increased Consumer Engagement, Behavior Change, and Health Improvement
Stephanie Pronk, MEd
Creating a Multidimensional View of the Consumer
Segmentation, Identification, and Stratification
Outreach and Engagement Techniques
Integrated Tracking and Reporting Using a Closed-Loop System
Conclusion

Chapter 22: The Application of Behavior Change Theory in the Worksite Setting
Karen Glanz, PhD, MPH
The Importance of Understanding Influences on Health Behavior
What Is Theory?
Explanatory and Change Theories
Important Theories and Their Key Constructs
Social Cognitive Theory
Constructs and Issues Across Theories
Implications and Opportunities
Conclusion

Chapter 23: Keeping Healthy Workers Healthy: Creating a Culture of Health
Shirley Musich, PhD; Howard Schubiner, MD; and Timothy J. McDonald, MHSA
Organizational Practices and Policies
Corporate Environment
Health Management Programming
Medical Services
Measuring the Value of Low-Risk Maintenance
Conclusion

Chapter 24: Connecting the Program to Core Business Objectives
Steven P. Noeldner, PhD
How Business Executives Think
Business Objectives
People Produce Profit
Health Insurance for Employees
Health Care Costs Directly Relate to Employee Health Status
Health and Productivity
Total Health Management
Return on Investment
Value of Investment
Fully Insured Versus Self-Funded Health Care
Building a Business Case
Connecting the Health Management Program to Core Business Objectives
Conclusion

Chapter 25: Addressing Diversity and Health Literacy at the Worksite
Antronette K. (Toni) Yancey, MD, MPH; A. Janet Tomiyama, MA; and Nicole R. Keith, PhD
Health Literacy
Health Disparities
Addressing Underserved Populations in Workplace Health Promotion: Obesity Prevention and Control
Conclusion

Chapter 26: A Culture of Health: Creating and Sustaining Supportive Organizational Environments for Health
Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD, FACSM, and Calvin U. Allen, MBA, CHIE
A Culture of Health Defined
Culture of Health Components
Shaping a Culture of Health
Putting the Pieces Together
Conclusion

Chapter 27: Online Communities and Worksite Health Management
Neal S. Sofian, MSPH, and Daniel Newton, PhD
What is an Online Community?
The Expansion of Collaborative Technologies: MySpace for Health
Not All Information Is Equal
What Are MoMs and How Do MoMs Happen?
Online Communities and Storytelling
Creating Purposeful Social Networks
So What Does All This Mean for Worksite Health Management?
Conclusion

Chapter 28: Rewarding Change: Principles for Implementing Worksite Incentive Programs
Jeffrey J. VanWormer, MS, and Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD, FACSM
Core Principles
Value
Contingency
Incentives in Context: Smoking and Diet
Enhancing the Value of Incentives Through Communication
Application to Benefits Design
Conclusion

Chapter 29: eHealth for Employee Health and Wellness: Optimizing Plan Design and Incentive Management
David K. Ahern, PhD; Lauren Buckel; Edward W. Aberger, PhD; and Michael J. Follick, PhD
Growth of eHealth
eHealth Programs to Optimize Plan Design
Conclusion

Chapter 30: Effective Programs to Promote Worker Health Within Healthy and Safe Worksites
Glorian Sorensen, PhD, MPH, and Lisa Quintiliani, PhD
The Evidence on Worksite Health Promotion
The OSH Approach
Rationale for Integrating WHP and OSH Programs
Evidence for the Effectiveness of Integrated OSH and WHP Programs
Characteristics of Best-Practice Programs
Program Planning and Design
Implementation of Integrated Programs
Organizational Support
Conclusion

Chapter 31: Programs Designed to Improve Employee Health Through Changes in the Built Environment
Mireille N.M. van Poppel, PhD, and Luuk H. Engbers, PhD, PT
Environmental Interventions in Worksite Health Promotion
Theories and Models
Environmental Interventions for Improving Physical Activity at Work
Environmental Interventions for Improving Dietary Habits at Work
Conclusion

Chapter 32: The Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Medical Self-Care Programs
Don R. Powell, PhD, and Jeanette D. Karwan, RD
The Need for Medical Self-Care
Major Determinants of Medical Self-Care Utilization
Goals and Benefits of Medical Self-Care
Components of a Medical Self-Care Program
Legal Implications of Medical Self-Care
Employee Skepticism of Medical Self-Care
Evaluating a Medical Self-Care Program
Conclusion

Chapter 33: Disease Management for Employed Populations
Dennis E. Richling, MD
Complex Origins: The Development of Disease Management
The Opportunity for Disease Management
Employers and Disease Management
Disease Management Fundamentals
The Future of Disease Management
Conclusion

Chapter 34: From the Basics to Comprehensive Programming
Mary M. Kruse, MS, ATC
Before You Start
The Role of a Consultant
Building the Infrastructure
Program Design and Integration
Pulling It All Together
Building a Sustainable Program
Conclusion

Part V: Case Studies

Chapter 35: The Occupational Athlete: Injury Reduction and Productivity Enhancement in Reforestation Workers
Delia Roberts, PhD, FACSM
Company Description
Program Aims
Population
Methods
Results
Discussion
Program Scalability and Sustainability
Conclusion

Chapter 36: Employee Health at BAE Systems: An Employer–Health Plan Partnership Approach
N. Marcus Thygeson, MD; Jason M. Gallagher, MBA; Kathleen K. Cross, CANP; and Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD, FACSM
Overview
Company and Partnership Description
Program Goals and Objectives
Population
Program Implementation and Interventions
Outcomes and Results
Direct Medical Costs
Workplace Productivity
Conclusion

Chapter 37: Health Promotion, Participation, and Productivity: A Case Study at Unilever PLC
Peter Mills, MD, and Jessica Colling, BSC, MSC
Company Description
Program Aims
Population Intervention Group
Control Group
Approach to Implementation
Program Launch
Control Group Engagement
Interventions
Results and Effects
Baseline Data
Program Usage
Outcome Measures
Discussion
The Next Steps
Going Global
Conclusion

Chapter 38: Introducing Environmental Interventions at the Dow Chemical Company to Reduce Overweight and Obesity Among Workers
Ron Z. Goetzel, PhD; Jennie D. Bowen, MPH; Ronald J. Ozminkowski, PhD; Cheryl A. Kassed PhD, MSPH; Enid Chung Roemer, PhD; Maryam J. Tabrizi, MS, CHES; Meghan E. Short, BA; Shaohung Wang, PhD; Xiaofei Pei, PhD; Heather M. Bowen, MS, RD, LD; David M. Dejoy, PhD; Mark G. Wilson, HSD; Kristin M. Baker, MPH; Karen J. Tully, BS; John M. White, PhD; Gary M. Billotti, MS; and Catherine M. Baase, MD
Introduction
NHLBI Research Focused on Obesity Prevention at the Worksite
A Profile of Dow
Establishing a Business Case for Health Improvement at Dow
Study Design
Availability of Historical Archival Data From Dow
Assessing the Physical and Social Environment at Dow
Gathering Qualitative Data From Dow Employees
Conclusion

References
Index