A Theory of Political Obligation: Membership, Commitment, and the Bonds of Society
Margaret Gilbert offers an incisive new approach to a classic problem of political philosophy: when and why should I do what the laws of my country tell me to do? Beginning with carefully argued accounts of social groups in general and political societies in particular, the author argues that in central, standard senses of the relevant terms membership in a political society in and of itself obligates one to support that society's political institutions. The obligations in question are not moral requirements derived from general moral principles, as is often supposed, but a matter of one's participation in a special kind of commitment: joint commitment. An agreement is sufficient but not necessary to generate such a commitment. Gilbert uses the phrase 'plural subject' to refer to all of those who are jointly committed in some way. She therefore labels the theory offered in this book the plural subject theory of political obligation. The author concentrates on the exposition of this theory, carefully explaining how and in what sense joint commitments obligate. She also explores a classic theory of political obligation --- actual contract theory --- according to which one is obligated to conform to the laws of one's country because one agreed to do so. She offers a new interpretation of this theory in light of a theory of plural subject theory of agreements. She argues that actual contract theory has more merit than has been thought, though the more general plural subject theory is to be preferred. She compares and contrasts plural subject theory with identification theory, relationship theory, and the theory of fair play. She brings it to bear on some classic situations of crisis, and, in the concluding chapter, suggests a number of avenues for related empirical and moral inquiry. Clearly and compellingly written, A Theory of Political Obligation will be essential reading for political philosophers and theorists.
"1101396562"
A Theory of Political Obligation: Membership, Commitment, and the Bonds of Society
Margaret Gilbert offers an incisive new approach to a classic problem of political philosophy: when and why should I do what the laws of my country tell me to do? Beginning with carefully argued accounts of social groups in general and political societies in particular, the author argues that in central, standard senses of the relevant terms membership in a political society in and of itself obligates one to support that society's political institutions. The obligations in question are not moral requirements derived from general moral principles, as is often supposed, but a matter of one's participation in a special kind of commitment: joint commitment. An agreement is sufficient but not necessary to generate such a commitment. Gilbert uses the phrase 'plural subject' to refer to all of those who are jointly committed in some way. She therefore labels the theory offered in this book the plural subject theory of political obligation. The author concentrates on the exposition of this theory, carefully explaining how and in what sense joint commitments obligate. She also explores a classic theory of political obligation --- actual contract theory --- according to which one is obligated to conform to the laws of one's country because one agreed to do so. She offers a new interpretation of this theory in light of a theory of plural subject theory of agreements. She argues that actual contract theory has more merit than has been thought, though the more general plural subject theory is to be preferred. She compares and contrasts plural subject theory with identification theory, relationship theory, and the theory of fair play. She brings it to bear on some classic situations of crisis, and, in the concluding chapter, suggests a number of avenues for related empirical and moral inquiry. Clearly and compellingly written, A Theory of Political Obligation will be essential reading for political philosophers and theorists.
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A Theory of Political Obligation: Membership, Commitment, and the Bonds of Society

A Theory of Political Obligation: Membership, Commitment, and the Bonds of Society

by Margaret Gilbert
A Theory of Political Obligation: Membership, Commitment, and the Bonds of Society

A Theory of Political Obligation: Membership, Commitment, and the Bonds of Society

by Margaret Gilbert

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Overview

Margaret Gilbert offers an incisive new approach to a classic problem of political philosophy: when and why should I do what the laws of my country tell me to do? Beginning with carefully argued accounts of social groups in general and political societies in particular, the author argues that in central, standard senses of the relevant terms membership in a political society in and of itself obligates one to support that society's political institutions. The obligations in question are not moral requirements derived from general moral principles, as is often supposed, but a matter of one's participation in a special kind of commitment: joint commitment. An agreement is sufficient but not necessary to generate such a commitment. Gilbert uses the phrase 'plural subject' to refer to all of those who are jointly committed in some way. She therefore labels the theory offered in this book the plural subject theory of political obligation. The author concentrates on the exposition of this theory, carefully explaining how and in what sense joint commitments obligate. She also explores a classic theory of political obligation --- actual contract theory --- according to which one is obligated to conform to the laws of one's country because one agreed to do so. She offers a new interpretation of this theory in light of a theory of plural subject theory of agreements. She argues that actual contract theory has more merit than has been thought, though the more general plural subject theory is to be preferred. She compares and contrasts plural subject theory with identification theory, relationship theory, and the theory of fair play. She brings it to bear on some classic situations of crisis, and, in the concluding chapter, suggests a number of avenues for related empirical and moral inquiry. Clearly and compellingly written, A Theory of Political Obligation will be essential reading for political philosophers and theorists.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780191534577
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Publication date: 05/11/2006
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
File size: 479 KB

About the Author

Margaret Gilbert is Professor of philosophy at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. Educated at Cambridge and Oxford Universities she has held visiting positions as teacher and researcher at numerous institutions including Princeton University, UCLA, the Institute for Advanced Study, Oxford University and King's College London. Her previous books are On Social Facts (1989), Living Together (1996), Sociality and Responsibility (2000), and (in French) Marcher Ensemble.

Table of Contents

A Central Problem of Political Obligation     1
The Membership Problem     3
The problem     3
Four distinct questions     18
Obligations: Preliminary Points     26
The variety of obligations     26
Initial assumptions about obligation     27
Directed obligations     35
Imputed obligations     41
In Pursuit of a Theory of Political Obligation     43
Desiderata for a theory of political obligation     43
Some less than promising notions of membership     53
Actual Contract Theory: Attractions     55
Actual contract theory     55
Analytic attractions     57
Moral attractions     64
Objections to Actual Contract Theory     70
The no-agreement objection     70
The no-obligation objection     75
Other objections     83
Actual contract theory assessed     86
Some proposed alternatives to actual contract theory     87
Societies, Membership, and Obligation     91
Social Groups: Starting Small     93
Societies as social groups     93
Acting together: observations     101
How jointaction comes about     116
The need for a theory     121
Joint Commitment and Obligation     125
Commitment     125
Joint commitment     134
Acting together     146
Joint commitment and obligation     147
Societies as Plural Subjects     165
The range of plural subjects     165
Plural subjects and common ideas about social groups     167
Large populations as plural subjects     173
A Solution to the Membership Problem     183
Political Societies     185
Social rules: Hart's account     185
Three issues for an account of social rules     195
Social rules: a plural subject account     197
Three forms of political institution     204
Reconsidering Actual Contract Theory     215
What is an agreement? The joint decision proposal     215
Agreements and promises as a source of obligation     223
Moral argument around the promise     227
Implications for actual contract theory     234
The Plural Subject Theory of Political Obligation     238
The theory assessed     238
Comparison with three related theories      260
Response to objections     266
The practical import of political obligations     275
Summary and Prospect     287
Summary     287
Prospect     293
Bibliography     298
Index     307
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