Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION 10Understanding Tides 11Understanding Intertidal Habitats 15Sand Beaches 16Mud Flats 16Rocky Shores 16Intertidal Zones 17Micro-habitats 19Harvesting Shellfish 19Protecting Our Marine Resources 21Observing Intertidal Life 21A Note of Caution 21The Scientific Classification of Living Things 22Getting the Most out of This Guide 24
INTERTIDAL CREATURESKINGDOM AnimaliaSpongesPHYLUM Porifera 26Sea Anemones, Jellies, and Allies PHYLUM Cnidaria 30Comb JelliesPHYLUM Ctenophora 40Marine WormsPHYLA Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Annelida, and Echiura 43Moss AnimalsPHYLUM Bryozoa 57MolluscsPHYLUM Mollusca 60ArthropodsPHYLUM Arthropoda 110Spiny-skinned AnimalsPHYLUM Echinodermata 128Tunicates (Non-vertebrate Cordates)PHYLUM Chordata 138Fishes (Vertebrate Cordates)PHYLUM Chordata 142
INTERTIDAL PLANTS & FUNGIKINGDOMS Plantae & FungiGreen AlgaePHYLUM Chlorophyta 147Brown AlgaePHYLUM Ochrophyta 153Red AlgaePHYLUM Rhodophyta 163Flowering PlantsPHYLUM Anthophyta 173LichensPHYLUM Ascomycotina 177
SELECTED SITES FOR EXPLORATION 181Map of the Atlantic Northeast 182Nova Scotia 183Prince Edward Island 186New Brunswick 187Newfoundland, and Labrador 190Maine 191New Hampshire 195Massachusetts 196
SELECTED REFERENCES 200GLOSSARY 202ILLLUSTRATIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION 205ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 213INDEX 214