A History of Medicine in 50 Discoveries (History in 50 Series)
288A History of Medicine in 50 Discoveries (History in 50 Series)
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Overview
Vigliani and Eaton’s high-interest exploration of medicine begins in prehistory.
The 5,000-year-old Iceman discovered frozen in the Alps may have treated his gallstones, Lyme disease, and hardening of the arteries with the 61 tattoos that covered his body—most of which matched acupuncture points—and the walnut-sized pieces of fungus he carried on his belt. The herbal medicines chamomile and yarrow have been found on 50,000-year-old teeth, and neatly bored holes in prehistoric skulls show that Neolithic surgeons relieved pressure on the brain (or attempted to release evil spirits) at least 10,000 years ago. From Mesopotamian pharmaceuticals and Ancient Greek sleep therapy through midwifery, amputation, bloodletting, Renaissance anatomy, bubonic plague, and cholera to the discovery of germs, X-rays, DNA-based treatments and modern prosthetics, the history of medicine is a wild ride through the history of humankind.Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780884485322 |
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Publisher: | Tilbury House Publishers |
Publication date: | 10/17/2017 |
Series: | History in 50 Series |
Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
Format: | eBook |
Pages: | 288 |
File size: | 104 MB |
Note: | This product may take a few minutes to download. |
Age Range: | 12 - 17 Years |
About the Author
Gale Eaton has spent a lifetime with books for children and young adults, first as a children’s librarian at the Boston Public Library and the Berkshire Athenaeum, and later as a professor of children’s literature at the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Library and Information Studies. She is the author of four other books.
Phillip Hoose is the widely acclaimed author of books, essays, stories, songs, and articles including the National Book Award - and Newbery Honor - winning book Claudette Colvin: Twice toward Justice and the Boston Globe-Horn Book Honor winner The Boys Who Challenged Hitler: Knud Pedersen and the Churchill Club. A graduate of Indiana University and the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Hoose was for 37 years a staff member of The Nature Conservancy, dedicated to preserving the plants, animals, and natural communities of the Earth.
Table of Contents
Presenting the HISTORY IN 50 Series Phillip Hoose ix
Introduction: What's a Discovery? xiii
1 The Iceman: Forensic Analysis of a Neolithic Killing 1
2 A Parade of Ants: Magic and Folk Healing 5
3 Massage: Rubbing Out Demons and Kinks 9
4 Secrets of the Dead: Ancient Egyptian Mummifiers and Surgeons 13
Applied Anatomy: Surgery in Ancient India 16
5 170 BC: Sleep Therapy at the Temples of Asklepios 17
The Myth of Asklepios 20
The Placebo Effect and Double Blind Trials 21
6 AD 200: Galen Discovers Nerves and Humors 22
How Many Elements and Humors? 26
7 900: Al-Razi and Evidence-Based Medicine in the Middle Ages 27
Jundi-Shapur and the Survival of Learning 30
8 1508: Da Vinci's Heart 31
Renaissance Anatomy 34
9 1600: The Chamberlen Family Secret 35
Caesarean Sections 38
Midwifery and the Birthing Stool 39
10 1670: Looking through Van Leeuwenhoek's Tiny Microscopes 40
The Royal Society for Improving Natural Knowledge 43
A Proto-Germ Theory in the Renaissance? 44
11 1721: Fighting Smallpox and Public Opinion in Colonial Boston 45
Vanquishing Smallpox for Good 48
Royal Smallpox Treatments 49
Infected Blankets and Germ Warfare 50
12 1747: Limeys and the Conquest of Scurvy 51
Nutritional Deficiencies 55
White Rice Poisoning 56
13 1776: A Folk Remedy for Congestive Heart Failure 57
Ancient Pharmaceuticals 61
14 1799: Heroic Bloodletting, Leech Mania, and Discovering What Doesn't Work 62
Bloodletting in the Twenty-First Century 66
15 1816: Rene Laennec Invents the Stethoscope 67
Taking the Pulse 71
16 1828: Cutting for Stone 72
The Lancet: Outing an Incompetent Surgeon 75
Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy: A Minimally Invasive Solution? 76
17 1846: Laughing Gas 77
Magic Mushrooms 81
18 1847: Wash Your Hands 82
Florence Nightingale Battles the Army 85
19 1848: Monster Soup 87
The Miasma Theory and Correlation vs. Causation 91
Public Health in the Bronze Age 92
20 1854: Cholera and Epidemiology 93
Cholera Discoveries Lost and Found 96
Cholera and the Third World 97
21 1867: Gregor Mendel and Inherited Traits 98
Sickle-cell Trait: Mendelian Inheritance Meets Darwinian Selection 102
The Language of Genetics 103
22 1870: Discovering Ancient Skull Surgeries 104
The Legend of Hua Tuo and the Emperor's Headaches 107
23 1881: Spontaneous Generation and the Germ Theory of Disease 108
Joseph Lister Applies Germ Theory to Surgery 112
Koch's Postulates 113
24 1882: Tuberculosis Emerges from the Miasma 114
Desperate Cures: The Royal Touch and Burning the Vampire's Heart 117
25 1894: A Barrel of Snakes and an Antitoxin 118
Resisting Poisons in Antiquity 121
Science as a Competition 122
26 1896: The Discovery of X-Rays 123
27 1898: A Small-Game Hunter Fights Bubonic Plague 127
Did Yersinia Pestis Really Cause the Black Death? 132
28 1898: Viruses Borrow Life Support from Tobacco Leaves and Humans 133
29 1900: Marie Curie's Lab Glows in the Dark 137
Radiation Therapy: A Dangerous Panacea 141
30 1901: Making Blood Transfusions Safe 142
Blood Transfusions in War and Peace 146
31 1905: Hormones and Endocrinology 147
La Mujer Barbuda 150
The Pineal Gland 151
Serotonin: Not a Hormone 152
32 1907: Typhoid Mary Becomes the World's Most Notorious Cook 153
33 1909: Ehrlich's Magic Bullet and the Beginnings of Chemotherapy 157
Medicine and Artificial Dyes 160
Syphilis: Somebody Else's Disease 161
34 1922: Controlling Diabetes 162
35 1929: Fleming's Dirty Dishes Give Us Penicillin 166
Molds and Folk Medicine 169
36 1930: Psychosurgery 170
37 1939 - 1955: Rat Poison for a U.S. President 174
Vitamin K 177
38 1944: Discovering DNA 178
Watson and Crick Discover the Structure of DNA 182
The Human Genome Project 183
Genetic Counseling 184
39 1945: A Miracle Drug in the Sewage 185
40 1945: Saving Lives with Sausage Casings, Washing Machines, and Juice Cans 189
The Iron Lung 192
41 1951: Frankenstein and the Heart Machines 193
Alas, Poor Yorick! 196
Before Pacemakers: "I Sing the Body Electric!" 197
42 1967: Baruch Blumberg Discovers a Cancer-Causing Virus 198
43 1967: The First Heart Transplant 202
Ethical Issues in Transplantation 205
Microchimerism in Transplant Surgery 206
44 1972: A Magic Bullet from Chinese Medicine 207
Chairman Mao, Biomedicine, and Traditional Chinese Medicine 212
45 1978: The First Test Tube Baby 213
Whose Baby Is It? 217
Contraception 218
46 1983: Preventing Cancers 219
Vie Ethics of Discovery: Informed Consent 222
47 1998: MMR Vaccine, Autism, Discovery, and Fraud 224
Herd Immunity 228
Scientific Discovery and Fraud 229
48 2011: Bionic Parts 230
Drug-Eluting Implants 234
49 2013: Poop Therapy for the Human Microbiome 235
50 2016: Researching the Zika Virus 238
Conclusion 243
Glossary 247
Sources 251
Endnotes 279
Index 298