A History of Ambiguity
Ever since it was first published in 1930, William Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity has been perceived as a milestone in literary criticism—far from being an impediment to communication, ambiguity now seemed an index of poetic richness and expressive power. Little, however, has been written on the broader trajectory of Western thought about ambiguity before Empson; as a result, the nature of his innovation has been poorly understood.

A History of Ambiguity remedies this omission. Starting with classical grammar and rhetoric, and moving on to moral theology, law, biblical exegesis, German philosophy, and literary criticism, Anthony Ossa-Richardson explores the many ways in which readers and theorists posited, denied, conceptualised, and argued over the existence of multiple meanings in texts between antiquity and the twentieth century. This process took on a variety of interconnected forms, from the Renaissance delight in the ‘elegance’ of ambiguities in Horace, through the extraordinary Catholic claim that Scripture could contain multiple literal—and not just allegorical—senses, to the theory of dramatic irony developed in the nineteenth century, a theory intertwined with discoveries of the double meanings in Greek tragedy. Such narratives are not merely of antiquarian interest: rather, they provide an insight into the foundations of modern criticism, revealing deep resonances between acts of interpretation in disparate eras and contexts. A History of Ambiguity lays bare the long tradition of efforts to liberate language, and even a poet’s intention, from the strictures of a single meaning.

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A History of Ambiguity
Ever since it was first published in 1930, William Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity has been perceived as a milestone in literary criticism—far from being an impediment to communication, ambiguity now seemed an index of poetic richness and expressive power. Little, however, has been written on the broader trajectory of Western thought about ambiguity before Empson; as a result, the nature of his innovation has been poorly understood.

A History of Ambiguity remedies this omission. Starting with classical grammar and rhetoric, and moving on to moral theology, law, biblical exegesis, German philosophy, and literary criticism, Anthony Ossa-Richardson explores the many ways in which readers and theorists posited, denied, conceptualised, and argued over the existence of multiple meanings in texts between antiquity and the twentieth century. This process took on a variety of interconnected forms, from the Renaissance delight in the ‘elegance’ of ambiguities in Horace, through the extraordinary Catholic claim that Scripture could contain multiple literal—and not just allegorical—senses, to the theory of dramatic irony developed in the nineteenth century, a theory intertwined with discoveries of the double meanings in Greek tragedy. Such narratives are not merely of antiquarian interest: rather, they provide an insight into the foundations of modern criticism, revealing deep resonances between acts of interpretation in disparate eras and contexts. A History of Ambiguity lays bare the long tradition of efforts to liberate language, and even a poet’s intention, from the strictures of a single meaning.

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A History of Ambiguity

A History of Ambiguity

by Anthony Ossa-Richardson
A History of Ambiguity

A History of Ambiguity

by Anthony Ossa-Richardson

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Overview

Ever since it was first published in 1930, William Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity has been perceived as a milestone in literary criticism—far from being an impediment to communication, ambiguity now seemed an index of poetic richness and expressive power. Little, however, has been written on the broader trajectory of Western thought about ambiguity before Empson; as a result, the nature of his innovation has been poorly understood.

A History of Ambiguity remedies this omission. Starting with classical grammar and rhetoric, and moving on to moral theology, law, biblical exegesis, German philosophy, and literary criticism, Anthony Ossa-Richardson explores the many ways in which readers and theorists posited, denied, conceptualised, and argued over the existence of multiple meanings in texts between antiquity and the twentieth century. This process took on a variety of interconnected forms, from the Renaissance delight in the ‘elegance’ of ambiguities in Horace, through the extraordinary Catholic claim that Scripture could contain multiple literal—and not just allegorical—senses, to the theory of dramatic irony developed in the nineteenth century, a theory intertwined with discoveries of the double meanings in Greek tragedy. Such narratives are not merely of antiquarian interest: rather, they provide an insight into the foundations of modern criticism, revealing deep resonances between acts of interpretation in disparate eras and contexts. A History of Ambiguity lays bare the long tradition of efforts to liberate language, and even a poet’s intention, from the strictures of a single meaning.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780691167954
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publication date: 05/14/2019
Pages: 488
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.50(d)

About the Author

Anthony Ossa-Richardson is lecturer in English literature at the University of Southampton. He is the author of The Devil’s Tabernacle: The Pagan Oracles in Early Modern Thought (Princeton).

Table of Contents

Illustrations ix

Preface and Acknowledgements xi

Abbreviations xiii

A Note on Citations and Translations xv

Introduction: A Company of Two Armies 1

Part 1 Themes 25

Chapter 1 The Old Rhetoric 27

Chapter 2 Forensic Idols 73

Chapter 3 Collusion and Delusion 99

Chapter 4 River and Ocean 129

Chapter 5 Satura Lanx 185

Part 2 Variations 237

Chapter 6 The Faultless Die 239

Chapter 7 Ambiguities of Type 284

Chapter 8 Adloyada 306

Chapter 9 An Equivocal Smile 326

Chapter 10 The Combination Room 364

Afterword 402

Bibliography 405

Index 455

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

“Exhilarating. Ossa-Richardson’s richly textured book makes a huge contribution to our understanding of the full spectrum of ways—and reasons why—words mean more than one thing.”—Reid Barbour, author of Sir Thomas Browne: A Life

"This unequivocally brilliant book traces the tortuous evolution of ambiguity from a vice in ancient rhetoric to creative poetic indeterminacy in the twentieth century. Beginning and ending with William Empson's Seven Types of Ambiguity, this rich and challenging study ranges widely across scriptural hermeneutics, theology, legal history, classical philology, and literary criticism. An almost impossible story told with verve, erudition, and wit."—Stephen Clucas, Birkbeck, University of London

"For anyone who imagines that the history of ambiguity begins with William Empson, this book will come as a revelation. Anthony Ossa-Richardson presents an alternative history of ambiguity in which Empson and the New Critics are the end point rather than the beginning. In a work of thrilling ambition—ranging across biblical criticism, classical translation, religious polemic, and legal hermeneutics—he recovers a lost tradition of medieval and early modern scholarship which, rather than trying to eliminate ambiguity, reveled in its power and possibility. A History of Ambiguity takes its readers on a voyage of discovery into uncharted waters which will not only expand their horizons but redraw their map of intellectual history."Arnold Hunt, University of Cambridge

"Few scholars can be trusted to lead you from Aristotle and Augustine, through the deepest forests of early modern intellectual history, to emerge ready for modern literary thickets. You can trust Ossa-Richardson. In showing how Empson's Seven Types of Ambiguity transformed vice into virtue, he untangles the origins of modern criticism with a rare combination of scholarship and playfulness."—Richard Oosterhoff, University of Edinburgh

“This remarkable book is full of insights, wonderfully learned and often funny.”—Michael Wood, author of On Empson

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