Table of Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Chapter 1 History of the Census 1
What is a Census? 1
How and Why were the Nineteenth-Century Census Records Created? 4
The Historical Use of Censuses 6
Current Uses of Historical Censuses 13
Why Some People are not Found on Censuses 19
Records of People in Institutions and the Homeless 20
Chapter 2 Early Censuses 22
Surviving Pre-1841 Censuses 22
Local Censuses 1801-31 Online 28
Census Alternatives 32
Census Alternatives Online 35
Colonial Censuses 36
Chapter 3 1841: The First Modern Census 38
Historical Context 38
What Details are Included? 42
Finding Aids 44
Online Resources 45
Free Resources 45
Problems 46
How to Use the Census Effectively 50
Taking it Further 50
Unique Features of the Non-English Censuses 51
Summary 51
Chapter 4 1851: The Victorian Census 53
Historical Context 53
What Details are Included? 56
Religious Census 58
Education Census 60
Finding Aids 60
Online Resources 60
Free Resources 61
Problems 62
How to Use the Census Effectively 64
Taking it Further 65
Unique Features of the Non-English Censuses 67
Summary 70
Chapter 5 1861: The First Separate Scottish Census 71
Historical Context 71
What Details are Included? 74
Finding Aids 78
Online Resources 78
Free Resources 78
Problems 79
How to Use the Census Effectively 81
Taking it Further 81
Unique Features of the Non-English Censuses 83
Summary 84
Chapter 6 1871: The Last Census Overseen by Graham and Farr 85
Historical Context 85
What Details are Included? 88
Finding Aids 91
Online Resources 92
Free Resources 92
Problems 93
How to Use the Census Effectively 93
Taking it Further 95
Unique Features of the Non-English Censuses 96
Summary 97
Chapter 7 1881: The First Census to be Used by Family Historians 98
Historical Context 98
What Details are Included? 101
Finding Aids 103
Online Resources 104
Free Resources 105
Problems 105
How to Use the Census Effectively 106
Taking it Further 107
Unique Features of the Non-English Censuses 108
Summary 109
Chapter 8 1891: The Introduction of Rooms and Employment Status to the Census 110
Historical Context 110
What Details are Included? 115
Finding Aids 116
Online Resources 117
Free Resources 118
Problems 119
How to Use the Census Effectively 119
Taking it Further 119
Unique Features of the Non-English Censuses 120
Summary 122
Chapter 9 1901: The Centenary of Census-Taking in England, Scotland and Wales 123
The 1896 Quinquennial Census 123
Historical Context 124
What Details are Included? 126
Finding Aids 129
Online Resources 129
Free Resources 132
Problems 133
How to Use the Census Effectively 133
Taking it Further 133
Unique Features of the Non-English Censuses 134
Summary 135
Chapter 10 1911 : The Fertility Census 136
Historical Context 136
What Details are Included? 140
Finding Aids 144
Online Resources 145
Free Resources 147
Problems 147
How to Use the Census Effectively 151
Taking it Further 152
Unique Features of the Non-English Censuses 153
Summary 154
Chapter 11 Later Censuses 155
History of the Census up to 1945 155
Problems 162
What is Available Now? 163
What will be Available in the Future? 163
Chapter 12 The Census Today 164
Census Recording Between 1945 and 2013 164
Post-War Censuses and Family History 165
Censuses of 2001 and 2011 165
Future Plans 170
Appendix I Census Records Online 172
Appendix II Census Dates 174
Appendix III Registrars-General 175
Appendix IV Archives 176
Appendix V Glossary of Terms found in the Censuses 179
appendix VI Abbreviations 181
Bibliography and Further Reading 182
Notes 186
Index 191
