A Few Lawless Vagabonds is an account of the three-way relationship between Ethan Allen, the Republic of Vermont (1777–1791) and the British in Canada during the American Revolution, a work of political and military history. Ethan Allen was a prime mover in the establishment of the Republic (though he was a captive of the British, 1775–1778), then led the fight to maintain its independence from the “predatory states” of New Hampshire, New York and Massachusetts; from the American Continental Congress; and from British attacks on the new state. In order to defend Vermont’s independence, Ethan Allen engaged in secret, unlawful negotiations with the British in Canada, aimed at turning Vermont into a “separate Government under the Crown.”
The attempts of the Allen family to maintain Vermont’s independence from its neighbors were successful: Vermont became the 14th State in 1791. A Few Lawless Vagabonds is the first systematic attempt, using archival sources, to show that the Allens were utterly serious in their aim to turn Vermont into a Crown colony, a project which came close to becoming an open, public issue late in 1781. The Ethan Allen that emerges is not as a warrior hero of the American Revolution but as a successful Vermont nationalist who is justly celebrated as the principal founder of the State of Vermont, a rare combination of patriot and betrayer of the public trust. The British leaders who were Ethan’s opposite numbers emerge in turn as thoroughly capable military officers and diplomatic negotiators: Sir Henry Clinton, Sir Guy Carleton and Sir Frederick Haldimand.
DAVID BENNETT was educated at Christ's Hospital School and Sidney Sussex College Cambridge, where he took history and philosophy. He holds a Ph.D in philosophy from McGill University. He spent much of his working life in the labor movement, ending his career in 2006 as National Director of Health, Safety and Environment at the Canadian Labour Congress. He is widely published in the areas of workplace health and environmental protection and has published several articles, op-ed pieces and reviews on the Second World War.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments 7
A Note on Sources 9
Introduction 11
Chapter 1 The "Fronter" 17
Chapter 2 Controversy: The New Hampshire Grants 21
Chapter 3 Ethan Allen and the Assault on Ticonderoga, May 10, 1775 51
Chapter 4 The Capture of Ethan Allen at Montreal, September 25, 1775 71
Chapter 5 Carleton's Campaign of 1775-1776 86
Chapter 6 The British Incursion into Vermont, 1777 98
Chapter 7 The Republic of Vermont 124
Chapter 8 Defending the Republic: New York, New Hampshire and the Continental Congress 136
Chapter 9 Defending the Republic: The British Raids from Canada 162
Chapter 10 The Haldimand Negotiations, Phase 1: July 1780 to December 1781 171
Chapter 11 The Haldimand Negotiations, Phase 2: January 1782 to April 1783 203
Chapter 12 The Political Philosophy of Ethan Allen 218
Chapter 13 Ethan Allen: Endgame and Assessment 227
Appendix: Seth Warner's Letter to General Montgomery 233
