A Course in Microeconomic Theory / Edition 1

A Course in Microeconomic Theory / Edition 1

by David M. Kreps
ISBN-10:
0691042640
ISBN-13:
9780691042640
Pub. Date:
03/13/1990
Publisher:
Princeton University Press
ISBN-10:
0691042640
ISBN-13:
9780691042640
Pub. Date:
03/13/1990
Publisher:
Princeton University Press
A Course in Microeconomic Theory / Edition 1

A Course in Microeconomic Theory / Edition 1

by David M. Kreps
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Overview

David M. Kreps has developed a text in microeconomics that is both challenging and "user-friendly." The work is designed for the first-year graduate microeconomic theory course and is accessible to advanced undergraduates as well. Placing unusual emphasis on modern noncooperative game theory, it provides the student and instructor with a unified treatment of modern microeconomic theory—one that stresses the behavior of the individual actor (consumer or firm) in various institutional settings. The author has taken special pains to explore the fundamental assumptions of the theories and techniques studied, pointing out both strengths and weaknesses.

The book begins with an exposition of the standard models of choice and the market, with extra attention paid to choice under uncertainty and dynamic choice. General and partial equilibrium approaches are blended, so that the student sees these approaches as points along a continuum. The work then turns to more modern developments. Readers are introduced to noncooperative game theory and shown how to model games and determine solution concepts. Models with incomplete information, the folk theorem and reputation, and bilateral bargaining are covered in depth. Information economics is explored next. A closing discussion concerns firms as organizations and gives readers a taste of transaction-cost economics.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780691042640
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publication date: 03/13/1990
Edition description: New Edition
Pages: 864
Product dimensions: 6.75(w) x 10.00(h) x (d)

Table of Contents

Preface xv

Chapter 1 An overview 3

1.1 The basic categories: Actors, behavior, institutions, and equilibrium 3

1.2 The purpose of microeconomic theory 7

1.3 Scope, detail, emphasis, and complexity 10

1.4 A précis of the plot 12

Part I Individual and social choice

Chapter 2 The theory of consumer choice and demand 17

Prologue to part I 17

2.1 Preferences and choices 18

2.2 Marshallian demand without derivatives 37

2.3 Marshallian demand with derivatives 51

2.4 Aggregate demand 62

2.5 Bibliographic notes 63

2.6 Problems 65

Chapter 3 Choice under uncertainty 71

3.1 Von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility 72

3.2 On utility for money 81

3.3 Applications to market demand 87

3.4 States of nature and subjective probability 98

3.5 Problems with these models 112

3.6 Normative applications of the theory 120

3.7 Bibliographic notes 122

3.8 Problems 124

Chapter 4 Dynamic choice 133

4.1 Optimal dynamic strategies 133

4.2 Menus and meals 139

4.3 Bibliographic notes and discussion 143

4.4 Problems 146

Chapter 5 Social choice and efficiency 149

5.1 The problem 149

5.2 Pareto efficiency and optimality: Definitions 153

5.3 Benevolent social dictators and social welfare functionals 156

5.4 Characterizing efficient social outcomes 164

5.5 Social choice rules and Arrow's possibility theorem 174

5.6 Bibliographic notes 181

5.7 Problems 182

Part II The price mechanism

Chapter 6 Pure exchange and general equilibrium 187

Prologue to part II 187

6.1 Pure exchange and price equilibrium 187

6.2 Why (not) believe in Walrasian equilibrium? 193

6.3 The efficiency of a general equilibrium 199

6.4 Existence and the number of equilibria 205

6.5 Time, uncertainty, and general equilibrium 216

6.6 Bibliographic notes 223

6.7 Problems 225

Chapter 7 The neoclassical firm 233

7.1 Models of the firm's technological capabilities 234

7.2 The profit function 239

7.3 Conditional factor demands and cost functions 250

7.4 From profit or cost functions to technology sets 253

7.5 Cost functions and -runs 255

7.6 Bibliographic notes 259

7.7 Problems 259

Chapter 8 The competitive firm and perfect competition 263

8.1 A perfectly competitive market 264

8.2 Perfect competition and -runs 267

8.3 What's wrong with partial equilibrium analysis? 279

8.4 General equilibrium with firms 283

8.5 Bibliographic notes 292

8.6 Problems 292

Chapter 9 Monopoly 299

9.1 The standard theory 299

9.2 Maintaining monopoly 302

9.3 Multigood monopoly 304

9.4 Nonlinear pricing 306

9.5 Monopoly power? 314

9.6 Bibliographic notes 317

9.7 Problems 318

Chapter 10 Imperfect competition 325

10.1 The classic models of duopoly 325

10.2 Bibliographic notes and discussion 340

10.3 Problems 347

Part III Noncooperative game theory

Chapter 11 Modeling competitive situations 355

Prologue to part III 355

11.1 Games in extensive form: An example 356

11.2 Games in extensive form: Formalities 363

11.3 Games in normal or stategic form 376

11.4 Mixed strategies and Kuhn's theorem 380

11.5 Bibliographic notes 384

11.6 Problems 385

Chapter 12 Solution concepts for noncooperative games 387

12.1 Opening remarks 387

12.2 Dominance and iterated dominance for normal form games 393

12.3 Backwards induction in games of complete and perfect information 399

12.4 Nash equilibrium 402

12.5 Equilibria in mixed strategies 407

12.6 Why might there be an obvious way to play a given game? 410

12.7 Refinements of Nash equilibrium 417

12.7.1 Weak dominance 418

12.7.2 Subgame perfection (and iterated weak dominance) 421

12.7.3 Sequential equilibrium 425

12.7.4 Restrictions on out-of-equilibrium beliefs 432

12.7.5 Trembling-hand perfection 437

12.7.6 Proper equilibria and stable sets of equilibria 442

12.8 Reprise: Classic duopoly 443

12.9 Bibliographic notes 449

12.10 Problems 451

Chapter 13 Incomplete information and irrationality 463

13.1 Games of incomplete information 463

13.2 An application: Entry deterrence 468

13.3 Modeling irrationality 480

13.4 More on refinements: Complete theories 489

13.5 Bibliographic notes 496

13.6 Problems 498

Chapter 14 Repeated play: Cooperation and reputation 503

14.1 The prisoners' dilemma 503

14.2 Repeating games can yield cooperation: The folk theorem 505

14.3 Noisy observables 515

14.4 Implicit collusion in oligopoly 524

14.5 Reputation 531

14.6 Reputation redux: Incomplete information 536

14.7 Bibliographic notes 543

14.8 Problems 546

Chapter 15 Bilateral bargaining 551

15.1 Simultaneous offers and indeterminancy 552

15.2 Focal equilibria 554

15.3 Rubinstein's model 556

15.4 The experimental evidence about alternating offers 565

15.5 Models with incomplete information 568

15.6 Bibliographic notes 570

15.7 Problems 571

Part IV Topics in information economics

Chapter 16 Moral hazard and incentives 577

Prologue to part IV 577

16.1 Introduction 578

16.2 Effort incentives: A simple example 579

16.3 Finitely many actions and outcomes 586

16.4 Continuous actions: The first-order approach 604

16.5 Bibliographic notes and variations 608

16.6 Problems 616

Chapter 17 Adverse selection and market signaling 625

17.1 Akerlof's model of lemons 625

17.2 Signaling quality 629

17.3 Signaling and game theory 645

17.4 Bibliographic notes and discussion 650

17.5 Problems 654

Chapter 18 The revelation principle and mechanism design 661

18.1 Optimal contracts designed for a single party 661

18.2 Optimal contracts for interacting parties 680

18.3 The pivot mechanism 704

18.4 The Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem 712

18.5 Bibliographic notes 713

18.6 Problems 715

Part V Firms and transactions

Chapter 19 Theories of the firm 723

19.1 The firm as a profit-maximizing entity 724

19.2 The firm as a maximizing entity 729

19.3 The firm as a behavioral entity 731

19.4 Firms in the category of markets 739

19.5 Bibliographic notes 740

19.6 Problems 740

Chapter 20 Transaction cost economics and the firm 743

20.1 Transaction cost economics and firms 743

20.2 Mathematical models of transaction cost economics 756

20.3 Bibliographic notes 769

Postscript 771

Appendix 1 Constrained optimization 775

A1.1 A recipe for solving problems 775

A1.2 The recipe at work: An example 778

A1.3 Intuition 782

A1.4 Bibliographic notes 788

A1.5 Problems 789

Appendix 2 Dynamic programming 791

A2.1 An example with a finite horizon 791

A2.2 Finite horizon dynamic programniing 796

A2.3 An example with an infinite horizon 801

A2.4 Stationary Markov decision problems 806

A2.5 Bibliographic notes and discussion 813

A2.6 Problems 814

Index 817

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