A Catholic New Deal: Religion and Reform in Depression Pittsburgh

by Kenneth J. Heineman

Overview

Our popular image of the era of the Great Depression is one of bread lines, labor wars, and leftist firebrands. Absent from this picture are religiously motivated social reformers, notably Catholic clergy and laity. In A Catholic New Deal, Kenneth Heineman rethinks the religious roots of labor organizing and social reform in America during the 1930s. He focuses on Pittsburgh, the leading industrial city of the time, a key center for the rise of American labor, and a critical Democratic power base, thanks in large part to Mayor David Lawrence and the Catholic vote.

Despite the fact that Catholics were the core of the American industrial working class in the 1930s, historians (and many contemporary observers) have underestimated or ignored the religious component of labor activism in this era. In fact, many labor historians have argued that workers could not have formed successful industrial unions without first severing their religious ties. Heineman disputes this, arguing that there would have been no steelworkers union without Pittsburgh Catholics such as James Cox, Patrick Fagan, Carl Hensler, Phil Murray, and Charles Owen Rice. He presents a complex portrait of American Catholicism in which a large number of activist priests and laity championed a distinctly Catholic vision of social justice. This vision was anti-Communist, anti-Fascist, and anti-laissez faire. These Catholics, in turn, helped to make the Democratic Party and the CIO powerful organizations. A Catholic New Deal shows conclusively the important role that religion played in the history of organized labor in America.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780271028866
Publisher:	Penn State University Press
Publication date:	08/15/1999
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	304
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.78(d)
Lexile:	1360L (what's this?)

About the Author

Kenneth J. Heineman is Associate Professor of History at Ohio University and the author of Campus Wars: The Peace Movement at American State Universities in the Vietnam Era (1993) and God Is a Conservative: Religion, Politics, and Morality in Contemporary America (1998).

Table of Contents

	List of Illustrations	ix
	Preface and Acknowledgments	xi
	Advent	1
1	Pilgrimage: Father James Cox and the Awakening of Catholic Social Activism, 1932	11
2	Social Reconstruction: The Moral Basis of Economic Reform, 1933-1935	35
3	City of God: Class, Culture, and the Coming Together of the New Deal Coalition, 1936	75
4	Working-Class Saints: Catholic Reformers and the Building of the Steel Workers' Union, 1937	113
5	Christian Democracy: Anti-Communism, Social Justice, and the End of New Deal Reform, 1938	143
6	Confirmation: Catholic Reformers Confront the Rise of Fascism and the Approach of World War II, 1939-1941	177
	Requiem	201
	Notes	213
	Bibliography	245
	Index	267

Editorial Reviews

In this lively and informative account of 1930s Pittsburgh, the smoky center of the American iron and steel industry, Heineman shows that much of the effective union building, and many social reforms, were achieved by Catholic clergy and laity, inspired by papal teachings on social justice. Heineman has a confident, lucid style and guides the reader through the labyrinthine politics of the period, showing the connections between local, national and international issues as the Second World War approached. In his sure hands, the New Deal era takes on a surprisingly different appearance, more imbued with religious activism than previous historians have supposed.”

—Patrick Allitt Times Literary Supplement

“Kenneth Heineman has written an important study that should foster serious rethinking of the role of religion and regional variation in our understanding of the Great Depression.”

—Christopher Shannon Annals of Iowa

“In this richly detailed study of those leaders of Catholic, ethnic, working-class Pittsburgh, Heineman contributes solidly to the expanding evidence of the centrality of Catholic reformers in the emergence of the New Deal and American welfare.”

—Dorothy M. Brown Journal of American History

“The author’s research is thorough, his judgments are sound, and his prose is lucid. This is a major addition to the New Deal, trade unionism, and cultural studies, and a valuable corrective to the labor movement that will be welcomed by both labor and church historians.”

—R. Alton Lee Journal of Church and State

“Heineman has provided nuance to understanding a historical period that will always command our our attention.”

—James M. O'Toole Pennsylvania History

“Intended to ‘bridge the gap’ between academia and the general reading public, this generally welcome addition to our understanding should find ready acceptance in both audiences.”

—Patrick J. McGeever Catholic Historical Review

“In this impressive new study, Kenneth J. Heineman reports on what the church did in Pittsburgh, a city dominated by big steel and ethnic Catholicism. . . . Heineman has written an excellent study of labor activism and a tonic for those who would argue that the church repressed the labor movement in the twentieth century.”

—Timothy Walch American Historical Review

“A Catholic New Deal is a scholarly work about the religious roots of the labor movement. It explains how Catholics helped make the Democratic Party and CIO powerful organizations.”

—Vicki Rock Daily American (Weekender)

“Heineman has an impressive grasp of the political and social history of Pittsburgh. The book is based on a wide array of local primary sources and a firm understanding of the published and unpublished secondary sources on Pittsburgh history. . . . A Catholic New Deal is . . . an important contribution to the already rich social and political history of Pittsburgh.”

—Joseph M. Turrini Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography

“An eye-opening and compelling narrative of the role of ethnic Pittsburgh Catholics in building and sustaining a reform-minded Democratic party and a militant union movement during the depression. His work more then amply shows how Catholic ideas, leaders, and workers contributed to reform politics and unionization during the thirties.

This path-breaking book deserves a serious reading by anyone attempting to understand American Catholicism, ethnic history, reform politics, or the successful unionization of heavy industry during the 1930s.”

—Anne Klejment American Studies

“To satisfy this need, he has written A Catholic New Deal, an eye-opening and and compelling narrative of the role of ethnic Pittsburgh Catholics in building and sustaining a reform-minded Democratic party and a militant union movement during the Depression. His work more than amply shows how Catholic ideas, leaders, and workers contributed to reform politics and unionization during the thirties.

This path-breaking book deserves a serious reading by anyone attempting to understand American Catholicism, ethnic history, reform politics, or the successful University of St. Thomas.”

—David L. Holloway American Studies

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