50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know

by Alan Penman, Kimberley Crowder, Michael E. Hochman, William M. Watkins

Overview

50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of ophthalmology. Selected using a rigorous methodology, emphasis has been placed on landmark studies which have influenced current ophthalmology practice guidelines. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review, followed by brief information on other relevant studies. This book is a must-read for ophthalmologists, especially those in training or preparing for board review, as well as anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780190050726
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	05/19/2020
Series:	Fifty Studies Every Doctor Should Know
Pages:	336
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.10(h) x 0.90(d)

About the Author

Dr. Alan Penman is a physician with specialty training in ophthalmology, public health, epidemiology, and biostatistics. He graduated MBChB from Aberdeen University Medical School, Scotland in 1979, and received an MSc in Clinical Tropical Medicine from London University, England in 1981, an MPH from the University of Alabama (Birmingham) in 1998, and a PhD in Biostatistics from the University of Mississippi in 2008. He completed his training in ophthalmology at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary in 1989, followed by a retinal fellowship at the MRC Sickle Cell Clinic in Kingston, Jamaica from 1990-1992. As a Professor in the Departments of Preventive Medicine and Ophthalmology at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC), Dr. Penman consults regularly with investigators conducting clinical studies and population research. In addition, he directs and teaches courses in epidemiology, biostatistics, public health and disease prevention for medical students and graduate medical faculty. He is a listed author on 87 peer-reviewed publications.

Dr. Kimberly Crowder is Professor and Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology at the
University of Mississippi Medical Center. She completed her ophthalmology residency at UMMC in 2003, joining the department's faculty immediately afterward, and serving as the program director for the Medical Center's ophthalmology residents from 2007-2015. She was promoted to department chair in 2015. Dr. Crowder's motivation stems from her desire to improve ophthalmology education for residents and students. Since 2003, she has been an active attending physician in ophthalmology and filled multiple roles including course director for medical student electives in ophthalmology, course director of Family and Emergency Medicine resident rotations in ophthalmology, and director for the resident eye clinic. She has twice been named "Ophthalmology Faculty of the year" by the UMMC Ophthalmology residents. Dr. Crowder is board certified by the American Board of Ophthalmology and practices comprehensive ophthalmology. She's a member of a number of professional societies, among them the American Academy of Ophthalmology, for which she is currently serving on a Residency education task force. She is also a member of the Association of American Medical Colleges' Council of Faculty and Academic Societies, as well as the Mississippi Academy of Eye Physicians and Surgeons, and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.

Dr. Kimberly Crowder is Professor and Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology at the
University of Mississippi Medical Center. She completed her ophthalmology residency at UMMC in 2003, joining the department's faculty immediately afterward, and serving as the program director for the Medical Center's ophthalmology residents from 2007-2015. She was promoted to department chair in 2015. Dr. Crowder's motivation stems from her desire to improve ophthalmology education for residents and students. Since 2003, she has been an active attending physician in ophthalmology and filled multiple roles including course director for medical student electives in ophthalmology, course director of Family and Emergency Medicine resident rotations in ophthalmology, and director for the resident eye clinic. She has twice been named "Ophthalmology Faculty of the year" by the UMMC Ophthalmology residents. Dr. Crowder is board certified by the American Board of Ophthalmology and practices comprehensive ophthalmology. She's a member of a number of professional societies, among them the American Academy of Ophthalmology, for which she is currently serving on a Residency education task force. She is also a member of the Association of American Medical Colleges' Council of Faculty and Academic Societies, as well as the Mississippi Academy of Eye Physicians and Surgeons, and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.

Table of Contents

Preface xi

1 Effectiveness of Histocompatibility Matching in High-Risk Corneal Transplantation: Collaborative Cornea Transplant Studies (CCTS) 1

2 Topical Corticosteroids for Herpes Simplex Stromal Keratitis: The Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) 9

3 Topical Corticosteroids for Bacterial Keratitis: The Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT) 15

4 Topical Natamycin Versus Voriconazole for Fungal Corneal Ulcer: Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial (MUTT) 21

5 Prevalence of Age-Related Lens Opacities in a Population: The Beaver Dam Eye Study 27

6 Risk Factors for Cataract: The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study 33

7 High-Dose Supplementation with Vitamins C and E and Beta Carotene for Age-Related Cataract and Vision Loss: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) 39

8 Routine Preoperative Medical Testing Before Cataract Surgery: Study of Medical Testing for Cataract Surgery 45

9 Prophylaxis of Postoperative Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Surgery: ESCRS Endophthalmitis Study 51

10 The Relationship Between Optic Disc Area and Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Baltimore Eye Survey 57

11 Is Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty Equivalent to Topical Medication as an Initial Treatment for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma? The Glaucoma Laser Trial (GLT) 61

12 Intraocular Pressure Reduction in the Treatment of Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study (CNTGS) 67

13 The Relationship Between Control of Intraocular Pressure After Surgical Intervention for Glaucoma and Visual Field Deterioration: The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) 73

14 Reduction of Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma Progression: Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) 79

15 Topical Ocular Hypotensive Medication to Delay or Prevent the Onset of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) 85

16 Intraocular Pressure Control and Long-Term Visual Field Loss in Open-Angle Glaucoma: Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) 91

17 Latanoprost for Open-Angle Glaucoma: United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study (UKGTS) 97

18 Tube Shunt Surgery Versus Trabeculectomy in Eyes with Prior Ocular Surgery and Uncontrolled Glaucoma: Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study 103

19 Pooled Data Analysis of the Ahmed Baerveldt Comparison Study and the Ahmed Versus Baerveldt Study: Ahmed Baerveldt Comparison (ABC) Study, Ahmed Versus Baerveldt (AVB) Study 109

20 Risk Factors for Branch and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Eye Disease Case-Control Study 115

21 Argon Laser Photocoagulation for Macular Edema in Branch Vein Occlusion: The Branch Vein Occlusion Study (BVOS) 121

22 Intraocular Injections of Ranibizumab in Patients with Macular Edema Following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: Ranibizumab for Macular Edema Following Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRAVO) Study 127

23 Grid Pattern Photocoagulation for Macular Edema in Central Vein Occlusion: The Central Vein Occlusion Study (CVOS) 133

24 Steroids in the Treatment of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Standard Care vs. Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE-CRVO) Study 139

25 Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) Study 145

26 Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity: The Supplemental Therapeutic Oxygen for Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity (STOP-ROP) Trial 151

27 Early Treatment of Prethreshold Retinopathy of Prematurity: Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) Study 157

28 Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Stage 3+ Retinopathy of Prematurity: Bevacizumab Eliminates the Angiogenic Threat of Retinopathy of Prematurity (BEAT-ROP) Study 163

29 Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report Number 1 169

30 Early Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report Number 9 177

31 Does Pars Plana Vitrectomy Improve Visual Outcomes in Patients with Complications of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report Number 17 185

32 Intensive Diabetes Management to Reduce the Risk of Retinopathy Developing or Progressing: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) 191

33 Progression of Retinopathy and Vision Loss Related to Tight Blood Pressure Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Hypertension in Diabetes Study 199

34 Immediate Vitrectomy and Intravenous Antibiotics for the Treatment of Postoperative Bacterial Endophthalmitis: Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS) 207

35 Prevalence of Age-Related Maculopathy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study 213

36 Does High-Dose Supplementation with Vitamins C and E, Beta Carotene, and Zinc Slow the Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Vision Loss? Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) 219

37 Argon Laser Photocoagulation for Extrafoveal Neovascular Maculopathy: Macular Photocoagulation Study 225

38 Photodynamic Therapy of Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Verteporfin: Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy (TAP) Study 231

39 Pegaptanib for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularization (V.I.S.I.O.N.) Clinical Trial 239

40 Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Minimally Classic/Occult Trial of the Anti-VEGF Antibody Ranibizumab in the Treatment of Neovascular AMD (MARINA) 245

41 Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) 251

42 Effect of Pre-Enucleation Radiation on Mortality in Large Choroidal Melanomas: The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) Randomized Trial of Pre-enucleation Radiation of Large Choroidal Melanoma 257

43 Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Versus Fluocinolone Acetonide: Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial and Follow-Up Study 263

44 Botulinum A Toxin Injection into Extraocular Muscles as an Alternative to Strabismus Surgery 269

45 Botulinum A Toxin Injection as a Treatment for Blepharospasm 275

46 A Clinical Activity Score That Discriminates Between Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Graves' Ophthalmopathy 279

47 Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Acute Optic Neuritis: The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial 285

48 Atropine or Patching for Treatment of Moderate Amblyopia in Children: Patching vs. Atropine Trial 291

49 Contact Lens Versus Intraocular Lens Correction of Monocular Aphakia During Infancy: The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study 297

50 Effect of Acetazolamide on Visual Function in Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Mild Visual Loss: The Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial 303

Index 309