3D Ultrasound in Prenatal Diagnosis: A Practical Approach

by Rabih Chaoui, Kai-Sven Heling

Overview

Initially known for its beautiful images of the faces of babies, 3D ultrasound has, however, become an important tool in prenatal diagnosis for its ability to image fetal organs in normal and abnormal conditions. This book is a state-of-the-art work conceived as a practical guide to the application of 3D ultrasound in obstetrics. The authors of this book have extensive expertise in 3D ultrasound that spans for more than 25 years. The book has three sections: one section on the technical principles of 3D ultrasound, a second section on various 3D rendering tools with a step-by-step explanation of its use. The third section is dedicated to the clinical use of 3D in the examination of the fetal organs.

In this 2nd edition, the entire book has been revised and actualized.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9783111249094
Publisher:	De Gruyter
Publication date:	06/17/2024
Edition description:	2nd edition
Pages:	368
Product dimensions:	6.69(w) x 9.45(h) x (d)
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Rabih Chaoui, Berlin. Kai-Sven Heling, Berlin.

Table of Contents

Preface vii

Part I Basics of 3D Ultrasound

1 Basics of 3D and 4D Volume Acquisition 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Preparing the volume acquisition 3

1.3 Types of volume acquisition 10

1.4 Conclusions 13

2 Orientation and Navigation within a Volume 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Storing and exporting volume data sets 15

2.3 Orientation in the three orthogonal planes 16

2.4 Navigation within the orthogonal planes 17

2.5 Artifacts in the multiplanar mode 23

2.6 Conclusions 25

Part II Methods of 3D Rendering

3 3D Rendering of a Volume 29

3.1 Introduction 29

3.2 The render box and the orientation within a 3D volume 29

3.3 Artifacts in 3D rendering 30

3.4 Different rendering modes and the mixing of modes 34

3.5 Special effects in 3D; dynamic depth 3D rendering and light source 39

3.6 Threshold, transparency, brightness and color scales 41

3.7 Magicut, the electronic scalpel 43

3.8 Multiple light sources and "HD-live studio" 46

3.9 Conclusions 48

4 Volume Contrast Imaging (VCI) 49

4.1 Introduction 49

4.2 Principle of VCI 49

4.3 Static VCI 53

4.4 4D with VCI-Omniview 56

4.5 4Dwith VCI-A 58

4.6 Conclusions 61

5 Multiplanar Display I - Orthogonal Mode and Omniview Planes 62

5.1 Principle 62

5.2 Multiplanar reconstruction and different ways of displaying cross-sectional images 62

5.3 Practical approach in orthogonal mode 63

5.4 Practical approach in getting an "anyplane" using Omniview tool 64

5.5 Typical applications of Omniview planes 67

5.6 Conclusions 74

6 Multiplanar Display II: Tomographic Mode 75

6.1 Principle 75

6.2 Practical approach 75

6.3 Typical applications in tomographic mode 81

6.4 Conclusions 88

7 Surface Mode Rendering and HD-Live 93

7.3 Principle 93

7.2 Practical approach 93

7.3 Typical applications of surface mode 98

7.4 Conclusions 105

8 Maximum Mode Rendering 106

8.1 Principle 106

8.2 Practical approach 107

8.3 Typical applications of maximum mode 112

8.4 Conclusions 116

9 The Minimum Mode 117

9.1 Principle 117

9.2 Practical approach 117

9.3 Typical applications of minimum mode 119

9.4 Conclusions 124

10 The Inversion Mode 125

10.1 Introduction 125

10.2 Practical approach 125

10.3 Typical applications of inversion mode 127

10.4 Conclusions 132

11 The Silhouette Tool 133

11.1 Principle 133

11.2 Practical application 133

11.3 Typical applications of silhouette tool 137

11.4 Conclusions 142

12 The Glass-Body Mode and HD-Live Flow 143

12.1 Principle 143

12.2 Practical approach 144

12.3 Glass-body mode with HD-live flow function 148

12.4 Typical applications in the glass-body mode 148

12.5 HD-live flow using the color silhouette tool 153

12.6 Conclusions 155

13 The B-Flow Mode 156

13.1 Principle 156

12.1 Practical approach 158

13.1 Typical applications of the B-flow mode 158

13.2 Conclusions 161

14 Biplane Display using the Electronic Matrix Transducer 162

14.1 Principle 162

14.2 Practical approach 162

14.3 Typical applications of biplane mode 164

14.4 Conclusions 177

15 Calculation of 3D Volumes 178

15.1 Principle 178

15.2 Practical approach 178

15.3 Clinical application of volume calculation 184

15.4 Conclusions 184

Part III Clinical Applications of Prenatal Diagnosis

16 3D Fetal Neurosonography 187

16.1 Introduction 187

16.2 Fetal neurosonography with 3D ultrasound 187

16.3 3D visualization of specific brain structures 192

16.4 Reconstruction of fetal brain structures in 3D rendering 196

16.5 The intracranial vascular system in color Doppler 196

16.6 Fetal neurosonography before 14 weeks of gestation 200

16.7 Conclusions 205

17 3D of the Fetal Skeleton 206

17.1 Limitations in the assessment of the fetal skeleton using 2D ultrasound 206

17.2 3D of fetal spine and ribs 206

17.3 3D of the fetal limbs 213

17.4 3D of the facial and cranial bones 216

17.5 Conclusions 218

18 3D of the Fetal Face 219

18.1 The sonographic examination of the face in 2D and 3D ultrasound 219

18.2 The face in multiplanar display 220

18.3 The normal face in 3D/4D surface mode 223

18.4 The abnormal face in 3D/4D 229

18.5 The facial bones in 3D/4D 234

18.6 Conclusions 235

19 3D Intrathoracic and Intraabdominal Organs 236

19.1 Introduction 236

19.2 Intrathoracic organs 236

19.3 Intraabdominal organs 242

19.4 Conclusions 254

20 STIC and 3D/4D Fetal Echocardiography 255

20.1 The sonographic assessment of the heart in two-dimensional ultrasound 255

20.2 Acquiring cardiac volumes 255

20.3 Fetal echocardiography in 3D/4D multiplanar reconstruction 257

20.4 Fetal heart in 3D/4D volume rendering 258

20.5 Conclusions 268

21 3D in Early Pregnancy 269

21.1 Background 269

21.2 3D volume rendering in early gestation 269

21.3 Multiplanar display in early gestation 278

21.4 Conclusions 282

Further literature references and sources 283

Index 287