101 African Americans Who Shaped South Carolina

by Bernard E. Powers Jr. (Editor), Walter Edgar (Foreword by)

Overview

The first people of African descent to live in what is now South Carolina, enslaved people living in the sixteenth century Spanish settlements of San Miguel de Gualdape and Santa Elena, arrived even before the first permanent English settlement was established in 1670. For more than 350 years South Carolina's African American population has had a significant influence on the state's cultural, economic, and political development.

101 African Americans Who Shaped South Carolina depicts the long presence and profound influence people of African descent have had on the Palmetto State. Each entry offers a brief description of an individual with ties to South Carolina who played a significant role in the history of the state, nation, and, in some cases, world. Drawing upon the landmark text The South Carolina Encyclopedia, edited by Walter Edgar, the combined entries offer a concise and approachable history of the state and the African Americans who have shaped it.

A foreword is provided by Walter Edgar, Neuffer Professor of Southern Studies Emeritus and Distinguished Professor Emeritus of History at the University of South Carolina.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781643361406
Publisher:	University of South Carolina Press
Publication date:	10/12/2020
Pages:	192
Sales rank:	775,815
Product dimensions:	5.90(w) x 8.90(h) x 0.70(d)
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Bernard E. Powers, Jr., professor emeritus of history at the College of Charleston, was the founding director of the Center for the Study of Slavery in Charleston. He is the author of Black Charlestonians: A Social History 1822–1885 and coauthor of We Are Charleston: Tragedy and Triumph at Mother Emanuel. Powers is a founding board member and interim chief executive officer of the International African American Museum in Charleston.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations ix

Foreword Walter Edgar xi

Introduction 1

Part 1 Resistance and Survival in a Slave Society, 1670-1865 5

Maroons (1670-1865) 9

Caesar (ca. 1682-ca. 1754) 11

Stono Rebellion (1739) 12

Denmark Vesey (ca. 1767-1822) 14

Morris Brown (1770-1849) 17

Omar Ibn Said (ca. 1770-1859) 19

Part 2 Defining Freedom in the Era of Reconstruction, 1860-1895 21

Daniel Alexander Payne (1811-1893) 27

Martin Robinson Delany (1812-1885) 28

Benjamin Franklin Randolph (ca. 1820-1868) 30

James R. Rosemond (1820-1902) 31

Richard Harvey Cain (1825-1887) 32

Joseph Hayne Rainey (1832-1887) 33

Alonzo Jacob Ransier (1834-1882) 35

Henry McNeal Turner (1834-1915) 36

William J. Whipper (1834-1907) 38

Francis Lewis Cardozo (1836-1903) 40

Robert Smalls (1839-1915) 41

Henry E. Hayne (1840-?) 43

Jonathan Jasper Wright (1840-1885) 45

Robert Carlos DeLarge (1842-1874) 46

Robert Brown Elliott (1842-1884) 48

Richard Theodore Greener (1844-1922) 49

Rollin Sisters (1845-?) 51

Jacob Stroyer (ca. 1846-ca. 1908) 52

Susie King Taylor (ca. 1848-?) 53

James Alexander Spencer (1850-1911) 55

James Wigg (ca. 1850-?) 56

Part 3 Creative Adaptation in the World of Jim Crow, 1880-1950 59

Edward McKnight Brawley (1851-1923) 63

Johnson Chesnut Whittaker (1858-1931) 64

William Demosthenes Crum (1859-1912) 65

Richard Carroll (1860-1929) 66

Lucy Hughes Brown (1863-1911) 68

Kelly Miller Jr. (1863-1939) 69

Robert Shaw Wilkinson (1865-1932) 71

Anna De Costa Banks (1869-1930) 72

Marion Birnie Wilkinson (1870-1956) 73

William Wilson Cooke (1871-1949) 75

Matilda Arabella Evans (1872-1935) 76

Elizabeth Evelyn Wright (1872-1906) 77

Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) 79

Nina Littlejohn (1879-1963) 81

Benjamin Griffith Brawley (1882-1939) 82

Jane Edna Harris Hunter (1882-1971) 84

Susan Dart Butler (1888-1959) 85

Miller Fulton Whittaker (1892-1949) 86

Edmund Thornton Jenkins (1894-1926) 88

Freddie Stowers (ca. 1896-1918) 89

Part 4 The Long Struggle for Civil Rights, 1930-1975 91

Nathaniel Jerome Frederick (1877-1938) 95

William Pickens (1881-1954) 96

Edwin Augustus Harleston (1882-1931) 97

Gordon Blaine Hancock (1884-1970) 98

Mamie Elizabeth Garvin Fields (1888-1987) 100

James Miles Hinton (1891-1970) 101

Osceola Enoch McKaine (1892-1955) 102

Marian Baxter Paul (1897-1980) 104

Maude Daniel Callen (1898-1990) 105

Septima Poinsette Clark (1898-1987) 107

Joseph Armstrong DeLaine (1898-1974) 108

Modjeska Monteith Simkins (1899-1992) 110

Esau Jenkins (1910-1972) 112

John Henry McCray (1910-1987) 113

Isaiah DeQuincey Newman (1911-1985) 115

Bernice Violanthe Robinson (1914-1994) 117

Charity Edna Adams Earley (1918-2002) 119

Catherine Mae McKee McCottry (1921-2018) 120

Matthew J. Perry Jr. (1921-2011) 121

Ernest Adolphus Finney Jr. (1931-2017) 123

Marian Wright Edelman (1939-present) 125

Jesse Louis Jackson (1941-present) 126

Harvey Gantt (1943-present) 128

Cleveland Louis Sellers Jr. (1944-present) 130

Isaac Woodard (beating of) (1946) 132

Elmore v. Rice (1947) 133

Briggs v. Elliott (1954) 134

Rock Hill Movement (1957-1965) 138

Part 5 Culture and Politics in the Modern South, 1965-2020 141

Gary Davis (1896-1972) 145

Pinkney Anderson (1900-1974) 145

Annie Greene Nelson (1902-1993) 146

Clayton Bates (1907-1998) 147

Joshua Daniel White (1914-1969) 148

Alice Childress (1920-1994) 149

Lawrence Edward Doby (1923-2003) 150

Bill Pinkney (1925-2007) 151

Althea Gibson (1927-2003) 152

Lucille Simmons Whipper (1928-present) 154

Brook Benton (1931-1988) 155

James Brown (1933-2006) 156

William Melvin Brown Jr. (1934-1994) 157

Fames Jamerson (1936-1983) 159

James Enos Clyburn (1940-present) 159

Chubby Checker (1941-present) 161

Joseph William Frazier (1944-2011) 163

Dorothy Perry Thompson (1944-2002) 164

Mary Jackson (1945-present) 166

Ronald Erwin McNair (1950-1986) 167

Jonathan Green (1955-present) 168

Lynn Carol "Nikky" Finney (1957-present) 170

George Washington Rogers Jr. (1958-present) 171

Timothy Eugene Scott (1965-present) 173

Stephen K. Benjamin (1969-present) 174

Emanuel Nine (2015) 176