Table of Contents

Why Consider Opposing Viewpoints? 11

Introduction 14

Chapter 1 What Threatens the World's Oceans?

Chapter Preface 20

1 Overfishing Is Hazardous to Oceans Elizabeth Kolbert 23

2 Overfishing Is No Longer a Danger to Oceans Gloucester Times 33

3 Carbon Emissions Cause Dangerous Ocean Acidification Carl Zimmer 39

4 Claims About Ocean Acidification Are Overblown and Scientifically Baseless Christopher Monckton 47

5 Offshore Oil Drilling Endangers Oceans Natural Resources Defense Council 55

6 Offshore Oil Drilling Poses No Danger to Oceans Huinberto Fontova 61

7 The Extent of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch Has Been Grossly Exaggerated Oregon State University News and Research Communications 66

Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography 72

chapter 2 What Ocean Policies Are Best?

Chapter Preface 74

1 The National Ocean Policy Benefits Businesses Michael Conathan 76

2 The National Ocean Policy Endangers Businesses Pete Winn 83

3 Marine Protected Areas Are Essential for Ensuring Ocean Biodiversity Chris Maser 89

4 Marine Protected Areas Unfairly Hamper Fishing Interests and Offer Limited Environmental Benefits Dan Bacher 101

5 The Clean Water Act Can Help Fight Ocean Acidification Kate Halloran 107

6 Three Reasons for Creating a Single Ocean Health Index Ben Halpern Karen McLeod Jaineal Samhouri 112

Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography 118

chapter 3 What Strategies Would Best Promote Sustainable Fishing?

Chapter Preface 120

1 Maximum Sustainable Yield Policies Can Save Fish Stock European Commission 122

2 Maximum Sustainable Yield Policies Are Problematic Carl Safina 128

3 Catch Share Can Help Avert Fishery Collapse CompassOnline 134

4 Reports of Fishery Collapse Are Exaggerated Ray Hilborn 140

5 Offshore Fish Farming Poses Grave Risks to the Environment Ocean Conservancy 147

6 Offshore Fish Farming Offers Both Environmental Risks and Benefits Harold F. Upton Eugene H. Buck 153

7 Catch Shares Do Not Protect Fish or the Environment Food and Water Watch 161

Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography 166

Chapter 4 What Impact Do Human Activities Have on Marine Mammals?

Chapter Preface 168

1 Deepwater Exploratory Sonar Kills Dolphins and Whales KiPNews 171

2 Proper Guidelines Can Protect Marine Mammals from the Effects of Sonar National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 177

3 Oil Spills Cause Long-Term Health Issues for Marine Mammals Peter Beaumont 181

4 Salmon from Countries That Allow Fish Farmers to Kill Marine Mammals Should Be Boycotted David Ainsley Kurt Beardslee, et al. 186

5 Hunting of Marine Mammals Needs to Be Regulated Doug O'Harra 196

Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography 201

For Further Discussion 202

Organizations to Contact 205

Bibliography of Books 212

Index 217