On Turner's Trail: 100 Years of Writing Western History

Should Frederick Jackson Turner be revered as “the father of western history” or reviled as a misguided advocate of a frontier spirit and rugged individualism that denied cultural diversity and produced widespread environmental destruction? Dividing into camps over the issue, western historians place him everywhere from one end of the spectrum to the other.

In this provocative new interpretation of Turner’s life, work, and legacy, Wilbur Jacobs challenges the views of traditionalists and views of traditionalists and revisionists alike. From extensive research in the Turner archives, a nationwide search for additional Turner correspondence, interviews with historians, and a lifetime of collecting Turner anecdotes, Jacobs chronicles Turner’s professional (and sometimes personal) bequest through 100 years of Western historical writing.

Jacobs adds his voice to the heated debate by mixing a sophisticated critique of historical writing with stories of professional intrigue—the fights to protect Turner’s legacy, limit access to the Turner archives, and control the Western history Association. He traces the intellectual development of Turner’s frontier theory; explores the intense rivalry between two major Turnerian disciples, Frederick Merk and Ray A. Billington, as they vied for control of Turner’s legacy; and analyzes the efforts of new western historians who seek to erase Turner and Billington from the landscape of what is now called the history of the “West.”

Balanced in his assessments, Jacobs treats Turner and his disciples with a sympathetic yet critical eye. He points out Turner’s limitations in dealing with environmental, racial-ethnic, and urban themes as well as the shortcomings of Merk, Billington, and other Turnerians. At the same time, however, Jacobs illuminates the major contributions of their work.

Despite their intense differences, Jacobs argues, all western historians remain inextricably linked by Turner’s legacy.

Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.

1122638648
On Turner's Trail: 100 Years of Writing Western History

Should Frederick Jackson Turner be revered as “the father of western history” or reviled as a misguided advocate of a frontier spirit and rugged individualism that denied cultural diversity and produced widespread environmental destruction? Dividing into camps over the issue, western historians place him everywhere from one end of the spectrum to the other.

In this provocative new interpretation of Turner’s life, work, and legacy, Wilbur Jacobs challenges the views of traditionalists and views of traditionalists and revisionists alike. From extensive research in the Turner archives, a nationwide search for additional Turner correspondence, interviews with historians, and a lifetime of collecting Turner anecdotes, Jacobs chronicles Turner’s professional (and sometimes personal) bequest through 100 years of Western historical writing.

Jacobs adds his voice to the heated debate by mixing a sophisticated critique of historical writing with stories of professional intrigue—the fights to protect Turner’s legacy, limit access to the Turner archives, and control the Western history Association. He traces the intellectual development of Turner’s frontier theory; explores the intense rivalry between two major Turnerian disciples, Frederick Merk and Ray A. Billington, as they vied for control of Turner’s legacy; and analyzes the efforts of new western historians who seek to erase Turner and Billington from the landscape of what is now called the history of the “West.”

Balanced in his assessments, Jacobs treats Turner and his disciples with a sympathetic yet critical eye. He points out Turner’s limitations in dealing with environmental, racial-ethnic, and urban themes as well as the shortcomings of Merk, Billington, and other Turnerians. At the same time, however, Jacobs illuminates the major contributions of their work.

Despite their intense differences, Jacobs argues, all western historians remain inextricably linked by Turner’s legacy.

Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.

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On Turner's Trail: 100 Years of Writing Western History

On Turner's Trail: 100 Years of Writing Western History

by Wilbur R. Jacobs
On Turner's Trail: 100 Years of Writing Western History

On Turner's Trail: 100 Years of Writing Western History

by Wilbur R. Jacobs

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Overview

Should Frederick Jackson Turner be revered as “the father of western history” or reviled as a misguided advocate of a frontier spirit and rugged individualism that denied cultural diversity and produced widespread environmental destruction? Dividing into camps over the issue, western historians place him everywhere from one end of the spectrum to the other.

In this provocative new interpretation of Turner’s life, work, and legacy, Wilbur Jacobs challenges the views of traditionalists and views of traditionalists and revisionists alike. From extensive research in the Turner archives, a nationwide search for additional Turner correspondence, interviews with historians, and a lifetime of collecting Turner anecdotes, Jacobs chronicles Turner’s professional (and sometimes personal) bequest through 100 years of Western historical writing.

Jacobs adds his voice to the heated debate by mixing a sophisticated critique of historical writing with stories of professional intrigue—the fights to protect Turner’s legacy, limit access to the Turner archives, and control the Western history Association. He traces the intellectual development of Turner’s frontier theory; explores the intense rivalry between two major Turnerian disciples, Frederick Merk and Ray A. Billington, as they vied for control of Turner’s legacy; and analyzes the efforts of new western historians who seek to erase Turner and Billington from the landscape of what is now called the history of the “West.”

Balanced in his assessments, Jacobs treats Turner and his disciples with a sympathetic yet critical eye. He points out Turner’s limitations in dealing with environmental, racial-ethnic, and urban themes as well as the shortcomings of Merk, Billington, and other Turnerians. At the same time, however, Jacobs illuminates the major contributions of their work.

Despite their intense differences, Jacobs argues, all western historians remain inextricably linked by Turner’s legacy.

Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780700631025
Publisher: University Press of Kansas
Publication date: 07/12/1994
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 360
File size: 4 MB

About the Author

Wilbur R. Jacobs (1918–1998) was Research Scholar at the Huntington Library and professor of history emeritus at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His many books include Francis Parkman, Historian as Hero: The Formative YearsDispossessing the American IndianFrederick Jackson Turner’s Legacy; and The Historical World of Frederick Jackson Turner.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

Preface

Part I. The Trailhead

1. Turner’s Essay of 1893: The Frontier as a Molding Force

2. Turner's Apprenticeship: The Waspish Trail

3. The Making of a Historian: Yankee Perspectives

Part II. Clearing the Trails in Frontier History

4. Developing a Ruling Theory

5. Explaining Colonial American History

6. Explaining Agricultural History

Part III. World Frontiers and Sections

7. The Twentieth Century: Politics, Urbanization, and World Government

8. Turner and the Threats of the Twentieth Century

9. Turner’s Shadow on World Frontiers

Part IV. Hardening the Trail: The Ruling Theory Perpetuated

10. The “Realwestern” History: Its Impact upon Generations of Students

11. The Emergence of Frederick Merk

12. Reverse Environmentalism and Other Teaching Themes

13. Merk Takes the Flag

14. The Billington Era

Part V. New Trails and New Challenges by the New Westerners

15. The Challenge of Richard White to the Turnerian Legacy

16. Turnerian Echoes in William Cronon’s Nature’s Metropolis

17. After a Century: Minefields along the Turnerian Trail

Epilogue

Appendix A: Turner’s Lecture on Washington and Lincoln in 1896

Appendix B: Turner as a Teacher—Testimonials from His Former Students

Notes

Bibliographical Note

Index

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