| Preface | xiii |
1 | The Conservation Movement and the Roots of U.S. Forest Policy | 1 |
| Forest Policy in an Era of Environmental Awareness | 1 |
| Historical Roots | 4 |
| Early Forest Laws | 5 |
| Forest Exploitation and Disposal of the Public Domain | 6 |
| Forest Reserves and the Awakening of a Conservation Ethic | 8 |
| Forest Management Policies in the National Forests | 11 |
| From Custodial Management to Intensive Use | 11 |
| Multiple-Use Forestry | 12 |
| Wilderness | 14 |
| The Clearcutting Controversy | 15 |
| Establishing Sustainable Forest Management on Private Lands | 16 |
| Evolution of the Forest Products Industry | 17 |
| Improving Management of Private Forests | 18 |
| Conclusion | 20 |
| References | 22 |
2 | Current Issues in U.S. Forest Policy | 23 |
| Sustainable Forest Management | 24 |
| Background | 25 |
| Recent Policy Developments | 27 |
| Conclusion | 32 |
| Conserving Biological Diversity | 33 |
| Background | 33 |
| Recent Policy Developments | 35 |
| Conclusion | 40 |
| Wilderness and Roadless Areas | 41 |
| Background | 41 |
| Recent Policy Developments | 44 |
| Conclusion | 45 |
| Forest Health | 47 |
| Background | 47 |
| Recent Policy Developments | 50 |
| Conclusion | 52 |
| Community Forestry | 53 |
| Background | 54 |
| Basic Elements of Community Forestry | 56 |
| Recent Policy Developments | 58 |
| Conclusion | 61 |
| Forestry Regulation on Private Lands | 62 |
| Background | 62 |
| First Generation: 1920-1950 | 62 |
| Second Generation: 1970-1983 | 65 |
| Third Generation: 1984-1995 | 70 |
| Conclusion | 73 |
| Forest Land Conservation | 74 |
| Conservation of Public Forest Lands | 75 |
| Conservation of Corporate Forest Lands | 77 |
| Conservation of Family Forest Lands | 79 |
| Forest Management Certification | 82 |
| Background | 83 |
| Recent Policy Developments | 86 |
| Forests and Water | 89 |
| Background | 89 |
| Recent Policy Developments | 91 |
| Conclusion | 93 |
| Forests and Atmospheric Carbon | 94 |
| Background | 94 |
| Recent Policy Developments | 97 |
| Conclusion | 100 |
| Forest Biotechnology | 101 |
| Background | 101 |
| Recent Policy Developments | 103 |
| Conclusion | 104 |
| Emerging Issues and Future Policy Directions | 106 |
| Wood Supply in the Global Context | 106 |
| Forest Management as a Plus in Biodiversity Conservation | 108 |
| Putting U.S. Forest Policy in the Global Context | 109 |
| References | 110 |
3 | Chronology | 117 |
4 | Personalities | 131 |
| Bolle, Arnold (1912-1993) | 131 |
| Church, Frank (1924-1984) | 131 |
| Dana, Samuel Trask (1883-1978) | 132 |
| Dwyer, William (1929-2002) | 132 |
| Fernow, Bernhard (1851-1923) | 132 |
| Franklin, Jerry (1936- ) | 133 |
| Gordon, John (1939- ) | 133 |
| Graves, Henry (1871-1951) | 133 |
| Hough, Franklin (1822-1885) | 134 |
| Humphrey, Hubert (1911-1978) | 134 |
| Ickes, Harold (1874-1952) | 134 |
| Johnson, K. Norman (1942- ) | 135 |
| Leopold, Aldo (1886-1948) | 135 |
| Marsh, George Perkins (1801-1882) | 135 |
| Marshall, Robert (1901-1939) | 136 |
| Mather, Stephen (1867-1930) | 136 |
| McGuire, John (1916-2002) | 136 |
| Muir, John (1838-1914) | 136 |
| Murie, Olaus (1889-1963) | 137 |
| Olmsted, Frederick Law (1822-1903) | 137 |
| Pack, Charles Lathrop (1857-1937) | 137 |
| Peterson, Max (1927- ) | 137 |
| Pinchot, Gifford (1865-1946) | 138 |
| Powell, John Wesley (1834-1902) | 138 |
| Roosevelt, Theodore (1858-1919) | 139 |
| Sargent, Charles Sprague (1841-1927) | 139 |
| Schenck, Carl (1868-1955) | 139 |
| Thomas, Jack Ward (1934- ) | 139 |
| Udall, Morris (1922-1988) | 140 |
| Weyerhaeuser, Frederick (1834-1912) | 140 |
| Weyerhaeuser, Frederick E. (1872-1945) | 140 |
| Zahniser, Howard (1906-1964) | 141 |
| Zon, Raphael (1887-1957) | 141 |
5 | Forest Facts and Data | 143 |
| Forest Ecoregions in the United States | 144 |
| Forest Area, Production, and Trade Information | 145 |
| Ownership of U.S. Forests | 146 |
| Federal Public Forest System | 147 |
| The National Forest System | 148 |
| Bureau of Land Management | 151 |
| National Park System | 153 |
| The National Wilderness Preservation System | 153 |
| State and County Forest Lands | 153 |
| Private Forest Lands | 154 |
| Forest Industry | 154 |
| Timber Investment Management Organizations | 155 |
| Nonindustrial Private Forests | 155 |
| Tribal Forests | 157 |
| Conditions and Trends in U.S. Forests | 158 |
| The Montreal Process | 161 |
| Criterion 1 through 6 | 162 |
| Criterion 7 | 168 |
| Forest Certification Principles and Standards | 171 |
| SmartWood | 171 |
| Scientific Certification Systems | 173 |
| The Sustainable Forestry Initiative | 175 |
| American Tree Farm System Standards | 176 |
| References | 179 |
6 | Directory of U.S. Forestry Organizations | 183 |
| Federal and International Government Organizations | 183 |
| State Organizations | 190 |
| Nongovernment Conservation Organizations | 197 |
| Society of American Foresters Accredited Forestry Schools | 220 |
| Forest Products Companies | 227 |
| Forestry Trade Associations | 229 |
| Forestry Professional Associations | 232 |
| Other Forestry-Related Associations | 234 |
7 | Print Resources | 239 |
| General Forestry and Forest Conservation Books and Reports | 240 |
| U.S. Forest Policy Books and Reports | 243 |
| U.S. Forest History | 248 |
| International Forestry and Forest Conservation | 250 |
| Scientific Journals | 252 |
8 | Nonprint Resources | 265 |
| Information Clearinghouses on the Web | 265 |
| Online Reports, Maps, and Information | 267 |
| Videos | 270 |
| Nonprint Resources from Various States | 273 |
| Glossary | 277 |
| Index | 293 |
| About the Authors | 321 |